1953 chisankho cha Charu cha Rhodesia na Nyasaland

Chisankho cha Federation of Rhodesia na Nyasaland cha pa 15 December 1953 chikaŵa chisankho chakwamba ku wupu wakulongozga wa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, uwo ukaŵa kuti wapangika myezi yichoko waka kumasinda. Chipani cha Federal Party icho chikaŵa pasi pa Godfrey Huggins, uyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya Southern Rhodesia kwa vyaka 20, chikathereska ŵanthu ŵanandi.

Wupu wa Federal Assembly

Ŵanthu ŵakasankha ŵanthu 35 ŵa mu wupu wakuchemeka kuti Federal Assembly: 14 kufuma ku vyalo vya Southern Rhodesia, 8 kufuma ku vyalo vya Northern Rhodesia, na ŵanayi kufuma ku Nyasaland. Kweniso pakaŵa ŵimiliri ŵatatu kufuma ku cigaŵa cilicose awo ŵakimiranga vilato vya mu Africa. Mu vyaru vinyake, kazembe ndiyo wakasankha munthu wa ku Europe, ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakasankhika na wupu wakuwona vya malango.

Maluso ghakusankhira

Pa ungano wa ku London mu 1953, apo ŵakazomerezga dango la boma la Rhodesia, ŵanthu ŵa ku Northern na Southern Rhodesia ŵakeneranga kuŵa na wanangwa wakuvota nga umo vikaŵira na ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha. Pa nyengo iyi, charu cha Nyasaland chikaŵavya chisankho ndipo chikaŵa kutali na charu ichi m'paka apo Khoti la Malango likakhazikiskira malango ghakwenelera.

Pa zuŵa la kuvota, ŵanthu awo ŵakavotanga ŵakaŵa:

Territory European electors Asian electors Coloured electors African electors Total
Southern Rhodesia 48,869 594 570 441 50,474
Northern Rhodesia 14,588 856 3 15,447
Nyasaland 983 75 1,058
Total 64,440 2,095 444 66,979

Nkhondo yakusankha

Kuŵapo kwa wupu uwu kukapangiska kuti vinthu visinthe mu vyaru vya Rhodesia. Godfrey Huggins wakapangiska chipani cha Federal Party kuti chilimbane na chisankho ichi, wakasazga chipani chake cha United Party na chipani cha opposition cha Rhodesia Party ndipo wakasangamo ŵanthu awo ŵakamukhozganga ku Northern Rhodesia na Nyasaland. Ŵabali na ŵadumbu ŵanyake ŵa ku Southern Rhodesia awo ŵakakolerana na fundo ya federation nawo ŵakasankha kunjira mu chipani cha Federal Party. Pakati pawo pakaŵa William Eastwood, wa ku Rhodesia Labour Party, uyo wakafumapo cifukwa cakuti gulu lake likakhumbanga kuti ŵalute ku mavoti. Munthu munyake uyo wakasamira ku chipani cha Federal Party wakaŵa Ian Smith, uyo wakasankhika kuŵa munthu wakujipeleka pa visankho vya mu 1948.

Awo ŵakasuskanga fundo ya federeshoni ŵakambiska chipani cha Confederate Party, icho chikayowoya kuti mu Rhodesia muŵe ndondomeko yakuyana na apartheid mu South Africa. Nkhani iyi yikayowoyeka na Huggins, uyo wakalimbana nayo comene. Huggins wakagomezganga kuti fundo iyi njambura kuzomerezgeka na ŵanthu. Gulu linyake lakucemeka Progressive Party likapangika kuti lipelekenge chipani ku ŵanthu awo ŵakukhumba kuvota, kweni likamara luŵiro apo likasanga kuti ndakusuzga kwendeska vinthu ndipo likamanya kuti lingakwaniska yayi kwimika ŵanthu ŵakujumpha ŵaŵiri. Pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakujiyimira ŵekha, comenecomene ŵaŵiri ku Northern Rhodesia. Dr. Alexander Scott wa ku Lusaka na Norman Lacey wa ku chigaŵa cha Nkana-Chingola, wose ŵakayowoyapo za ndyali zakuyana na izo chipani cha Progressive chikakhumbanga kupeleka.

Pakaŵa mulandu unyake uwo ukajulika pamanyuma pa kusankhika. Gaston Thornicroft, mwanalume wa mitundu yakupambanapambana uyo wakalongosoreka kuti "wakukhala nga ni Muyurope", wakakanika kunjira mu chigaŵa cha ku Southern Rhodesia kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵimilire vya ku Africa cifukwa cakuti wakaŵa wa ku Europe yayi. Wakadandawura ku khoti, kweni wakatondeka.

Vyakulondezga

The state of the parties was:

Chipani Members
Northern Rhodesia Nyasaland Southern Rhodesia Total
Federal Party 7 4 13 24
Independents 4 3 3 10
Confederate Party - - 1 1
Total 11 7 17 35

Vyakufumapo vya chigaŵa

Northern Rhodesia

Ordinary members

Constituency
Electorate and turnout
Candidate Party Votes %
Broken Hill
1,552 (60.3%)
Roland Welensky Federal Party 817 87.3
William Kirkwood Confederate Party 119 12.7
Kafue
1,015 (62.9%)
Guillaume François Marais Van Eeden Federal Party 441 69.1
John Gaunt Confederate Party 197 30.9
Livingstone
1,377 (66.7%)
John Cranmer Graylin Federal Party 671 73.0
Frank Derby Confederate Party 248 27.0
Luanshya-Mufulira
3,066 (60.0%)
Vincent Thomas Joyce Federal Party 1,326 72.1
Douglas Edgar Charsley Confederate Party 513 27.9
Luangwa
889 (61.9%)
Frank Bruce Robertson Federal Party 446 81.1
Charles Benjamin Dodkins Confederate Party 104 18.9
Lusaka
2,172 (67.4%)
Dr Alexander Scott Independent 758 51.8
Ernest Walter Sargeant Federal Party 626 42.8
Raymond Beresford Pakenham Confederate Party 79 5.4
Ndola
1,946 (57.2%)
Frank Stephen Owen Federal Party 907 81.5
Willem Hugo Van Zyl Confederate Party 206 18.5
Nkana-Chingola
3,490 (66.6%)
George Wellington Rex L'Ange Federal Party 1,819 78.2
Edward Brockman Hovelmeier Confederate Party 392 16.9
Norman Henry Lacey Independent 115 4.9

Specially elected African members

Territory Member Party
Northern Rhodesia Mateyo Kakumbi Independent
Dauti Lawton Yamba Independent

Specially appointed European member

Territory Member Party
NORTHERN RHODESIA Dr. John Fearby Campbell Haslam (resigned, 20 December 1954) Independent
Sir John Smith Moffat (appointed 22 December 1954) Independent

Nyasaland

Ordinary members

Constituency
Electorate and turnout
Candidate Party Votes %
NYASALAND
Four members
1,058 (85.8%)
Rupert Cecil Bucquet Federal Party 903 87.3
John Foot Federal Party 879
Paul Frederick Brereton Federal Party 822
Malcolm Palliser Barrow Federal Party 808
Pranlal Dayaram Lalsodagarwala Independent 105 9.7
Alibhai Adambhai Desai Independent 85
Charles Walsh Confederate Party 29 3.0

Specially elected African members

Territory Member Party
NYASALAND Wellington Manoah Chirwa Independent
Clement Robin Kumbikano Independent

Specially appointed European member

Territory Member Party
NYASALAND Andrew Beveridge Doig (resigned, 24 June 1958) Independent

Southern Rhodesia

Ordinary members

Constituency
Electorate and turnout
Candidate Party Votes %
BORDER
3,618 (83.2%)
Benjamin Disraeli Goldberg Federal Party 1,886 62.7
Andrew Skeen Confederate Party 1,123 37.3
BULAWAYO
3,401 (75.9%)
Donald Macintyre Federal Party 1,789 69.3
Arthur Lear Smith Confederate Party 793 30.7
BULAWAYO SUBURBS
3,575 (77.3%)
William Hives Eastwood Federal Party 1,961 71.0
William Shaw Confederate Party 801 29.0
DARWIN
3,547 (79.4%)
John Moore Caldicott Federal Party 1,946 69.1
Richard Hunter Christie Confederate Party 872 30.9
MIDLANDS
3,584 (71.5%)
Ian Douglas Smith Federal Party 1,148 44.8
Robert Williamson Independent 785 30.6
William Henry Weedon Confederate Party 629 24.6
MREWA
3,664 (80.3%)
Neville Gwynne Barrett Federal Party 1,816 61.7
George Richard Musgrave Confederate Party 1,126 38.3
SALISBURY
3,995 (72.8%)
Leslie Manfred Noel Hodson Federal Party 2,023 69.5
John Liston Dalrymple Confederate Party 886 30.5
SALISBURY SOUTH
3,665 (75.2%)
William Alexander Eustace Winterton Federal Party 1,496 54.3
Hendrik Andries Alberts Confederate Party 1,261 45.7
SALISBURY SUBURBS
3,649 (77.2%)
Godfrey Martin Huggins Federal Party 2,055 73.0
Estcourt Vernon Herbert Cresswell-George Confederate Party 761 27.0
SALISBURY WEST
3,848 (78.3%)
James Watson Swan Federal Party 2,069 68.7
Percy Arthur Newton Confederate Party 943 31.3
SEBAKWE
3,331 (78.0%)
John Richard Dendy Young Confederate Party 1,415 54.5
Jacob Letterstedt Smit Federal Party 1,182 45.5
UMGUZA
3,675 (78.0%)
Julius Macdonald Greenfield Federal Party 2,072 72.3
William Henry Rattham Confederate Party 795 27.7
UMNIATI
3,484 (75.5%)
Leslie Major Cullinan Federal Party 1,491 56.7
James Angus Graham, Marquess Graham Confederate Party 1,138 43.3
WESTERN
3,375 (73.4%)
Robert Francis Halsted Federal Party 1,593 64.3
Andries Bernardus Mentz Confederate Party 883 35.7

Specially elected African members

Constituency
Electorate and turnout
Candidate Party Votes %
MASHONALAND
26,049 (55.9%)
Jasper Zengeza Savanhu Independent 9,447 64.9
Stanlake John William Thompson Samkange Independent 5,120 35.1
MATABELELAND
24,425 (53.1%)
Masotsha Mike Hove Independent 10,558 81.5
Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo Independent 2,400 18.5

Specially elected European member

Constituency
Electorate and turnout
Candidate Party Votes %
SOUTHERN RHODESIA
50,474 (72.4%)
Percy Ibbotson Independent 13,402 36.7
Ian Finlay McLean Confederate Party 10,183 27.9
James Henderson Farquhar Independent 8,353 22.8
Henry Alfred Holmes Independent 4,621 12.6

Changes during the Assembly

Southern Rhodesia by-election

Wupu Wakulongozga Percy Ibbotson, mulara wa ku Europe uyo wakimiranga vyandulo vya ku Africa kufuma ku Southern Rhodesia, wakafwa pa 3 Epulero 1955. Apo mavoti ghakaŵa pafupi kumara pa Meyi 27, 1955, Harry Ellinder Davies ndiyo wakaŵa yekha uyo wakakhumbanga kumusintha.

Kafue by-election

Guy Van Eeden, uyo wakatinkhanga chomene fundo za chipani cha Federal Party, wakafumiskika mu chipani ichi mu Julayi 1955 ndipo wakaleka ntchito pa Julayi 8, 1955 kuti wazakaŵepo pa mavoti gha Kafue (Northern Rhodesia). Pa 6 Okutobala 1955, ŵakachita chisankho.

Constituency
Electorate and turnout
Candidate Party Votes %
KAFUE
1,290 (64.7%)
Guillaume François Marais Van Eeden Independent 500 59.9
Geoffrey Bernard Beckett Federal Party 305 36.5
Frank Sheridan Derby Independent CP 30 3.6

Sebakwe by-election

J.R. Dendy Young, uyo wakaŵa wa chipani cha Confederate Party mu Sebakwe (Southern Rhodesia), wakasankhika kuŵa mweruzgi. Wakaleka mulimo wake pa 26 Janyuwale, 1956, ndipo pa 5 Epulero, 1956, pakaŵa mavoti gha chigaŵa. Pa nyengo iyi, chipani cha Confederate chikaŵa kuti chaparanyika ndipo chikaŵa kuti chalembeka na chipani cha Dominion.

Constituency
Electorate and turnout
Candidate Party Votes %
SEBAKWE Robert Williamson DP 805 36.7
Dr Morris Isaac Hirsch Federal Party 786 35.8
Johannes Mathys de Kock Com P 603 27.5

Mrewa by-election

Neville Barrett, wa chipani cha Federal Party ku Mrewa (Southern Rhodesia) wakafwa pa 15 April 1957. Pa 6 Juni 1957, pakaŵa mavoti gha ku malo ghake.

Constituency
Electorate and turnout
Candidate Party Votes %
MREWA
3,853 (67.4%)
Winston Joseph Field DP 1,375 52.9
Evan Roy Campbell Federal Party 1,223 47.1

Mashonaland by-election

Jasper Savanhu, uyo wakaŵa mulara wa mpingo wa Mashonaland (Southern Rhodesia), wakaŵa na suzgo na dango liphya ilo likayowoyanga za mazaza gha awo ŵakukhumba kuvota. Nangauli wakaŵa na mulimo wa kuvikilira maghanoghano gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakamusankhanga ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Europe. Ntheura wakadumura kuti wazomerezge fundo izi, kweni nyengo yeneyiyo wakaleka mulimo wake (August 1, 1957) na kupempha kuti wazakaŵepo pa nyengo yinyake. Pa 27 Seputembala 1957, apo mavoti ghakaŵa pafupi kumara, wakaŵa yekha uyo wakasankhika, ntheura wakasankhika kwambura kususkika.

Seat vacant at dissolution

Paul Brereton (Federal Party), yumoza wa ŵimiliri ŵa Nyasaland, wakafwa pa 21 July 1958. Malo agha ghakaŵa ghatuŵa cifukwa ca maungano gha boma agho ghakaŵa pafupi kucitika.

Ukaboni