1953 chisankho cha Charu cha Rhodesia na Nyasaland
Chisankho cha Federation of Rhodesia na Nyasaland cha pa 15 December 1953 chikaŵa chisankho chakwamba ku wupu wakulongozga wa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, uwo ukaŵa kuti wapangika myezi yichoko waka kumasinda. Chipani cha Federal Party icho chikaŵa pasi pa Godfrey Huggins, uyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya Southern Rhodesia kwa vyaka 20, chikathereska ŵanthu ŵanandi.
Wupu wa Federal Assembly
Ŵanthu ŵakasankha ŵanthu 35 ŵa mu wupu wakuchemeka kuti Federal Assembly: 14 kufuma ku vyalo vya Southern Rhodesia, 8 kufuma ku vyalo vya Northern Rhodesia, na ŵanayi kufuma ku Nyasaland. Kweniso pakaŵa ŵimiliri ŵatatu kufuma ku cigaŵa cilicose awo ŵakimiranga vilato vya mu Africa. Mu vyaru vinyake, kazembe ndiyo wakasankha munthu wa ku Europe, ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakasankhika na wupu wakuwona vya malango.
Maluso ghakusankhira
Pa ungano wa ku London mu 1953, apo ŵakazomerezga dango la boma la Rhodesia, ŵanthu ŵa ku Northern na Southern Rhodesia ŵakeneranga kuŵa na wanangwa wakuvota nga umo vikaŵira na ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha. Pa nyengo iyi, charu cha Nyasaland chikaŵavya chisankho ndipo chikaŵa kutali na charu ichi m'paka apo Khoti la Malango likakhazikiskira malango ghakwenelera.
Pa zuŵa la kuvota, ŵanthu awo ŵakavotanga ŵakaŵa:
| Territory | European electors | Asian electors | Coloured electors | African electors | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southern Rhodesia | 48,869 | 594 | 570 | 441 | 50,474 |
| Northern Rhodesia | 14,588 | 856 | 3 | 15,447 | |
| Nyasaland | 983 | 75 | – | – | 1,058 |
| Total | 64,440 | 2,095 | 444 | 66,979 | |
Nkhondo yakusankha
Kuŵapo kwa wupu uwu kukapangiska kuti vinthu visinthe mu vyaru vya Rhodesia. Godfrey Huggins wakapangiska chipani cha Federal Party kuti chilimbane na chisankho ichi, wakasazga chipani chake cha United Party na chipani cha opposition cha Rhodesia Party ndipo wakasangamo ŵanthu awo ŵakamukhozganga ku Northern Rhodesia na Nyasaland. Ŵabali na ŵadumbu ŵanyake ŵa ku Southern Rhodesia awo ŵakakolerana na fundo ya federation nawo ŵakasankha kunjira mu chipani cha Federal Party. Pakati pawo pakaŵa William Eastwood, wa ku Rhodesia Labour Party, uyo wakafumapo cifukwa cakuti gulu lake likakhumbanga kuti ŵalute ku mavoti. Munthu munyake uyo wakasamira ku chipani cha Federal Party wakaŵa Ian Smith, uyo wakasankhika kuŵa munthu wakujipeleka pa visankho vya mu 1948.
Awo ŵakasuskanga fundo ya federeshoni ŵakambiska chipani cha Confederate Party, icho chikayowoya kuti mu Rhodesia muŵe ndondomeko yakuyana na apartheid mu South Africa. Nkhani iyi yikayowoyeka na Huggins, uyo wakalimbana nayo comene. Huggins wakagomezganga kuti fundo iyi njambura kuzomerezgeka na ŵanthu. Gulu linyake lakucemeka Progressive Party likapangika kuti lipelekenge chipani ku ŵanthu awo ŵakukhumba kuvota, kweni likamara luŵiro apo likasanga kuti ndakusuzga kwendeska vinthu ndipo likamanya kuti lingakwaniska yayi kwimika ŵanthu ŵakujumpha ŵaŵiri. Pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakujiyimira ŵekha, comenecomene ŵaŵiri ku Northern Rhodesia. Dr. Alexander Scott wa ku Lusaka na Norman Lacey wa ku chigaŵa cha Nkana-Chingola, wose ŵakayowoyapo za ndyali zakuyana na izo chipani cha Progressive chikakhumbanga kupeleka.
Pakaŵa mulandu unyake uwo ukajulika pamanyuma pa kusankhika. Gaston Thornicroft, mwanalume wa mitundu yakupambanapambana uyo wakalongosoreka kuti "wakukhala nga ni Muyurope", wakakanika kunjira mu chigaŵa cha ku Southern Rhodesia kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵimilire vya ku Africa cifukwa cakuti wakaŵa wa ku Europe yayi. Wakadandawura ku khoti, kweni wakatondeka.
Vyakulondezga
The state of the parties was:
| Chipani | Members | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northern Rhodesia | Nyasaland | Southern Rhodesia | Total | |
| Federal Party | 7 | 4 | 13 | 24 |
| Independents | 4 | 3 | 3 | 10 |
| Confederate Party | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 11 | 7 | 17 | 35 |
Vyakufumapo vya chigaŵa
Northern Rhodesia
Ordinary members
| Constituency Electorate and turnout |
Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Broken Hill 1,552 (60.3%) |
Roland Welensky | Federal Party | 817 | 87.3 | |
| William Kirkwood | Confederate Party | 119 | 12.7 | ||
| Kafue 1,015 (62.9%) |
Guillaume François Marais Van Eeden | Federal Party | 441 | 69.1 | |
| John Gaunt | Confederate Party | 197 | 30.9 | ||
| Livingstone 1,377 (66.7%) |
John Cranmer Graylin | Federal Party | 671 | 73.0 | |
| Frank Derby | Confederate Party | 248 | 27.0 | ||
| Luanshya-Mufulira 3,066 (60.0%) |
Vincent Thomas Joyce | Federal Party | 1,326 | 72.1 | |
| Douglas Edgar Charsley | Confederate Party | 513 | 27.9 | ||
| Luangwa 889 (61.9%) |
Frank Bruce Robertson | Federal Party | 446 | 81.1 | |
| Charles Benjamin Dodkins | Confederate Party | 104 | 18.9 | ||
| Lusaka 2,172 (67.4%) |
Dr Alexander Scott | Independent | 758 | 51.8 | |
| Ernest Walter Sargeant | Federal Party | 626 | 42.8 | ||
| Raymond Beresford Pakenham | Confederate Party | 79 | 5.4 | ||
| Ndola 1,946 (57.2%) |
Frank Stephen Owen | Federal Party | 907 | 81.5 | |
| Willem Hugo Van Zyl | Confederate Party | 206 | 18.5 | ||
| Nkana-Chingola 3,490 (66.6%) |
George Wellington Rex L'Ange | Federal Party | 1,819 | 78.2 | |
| Edward Brockman Hovelmeier | Confederate Party | 392 | 16.9 | ||
| Norman Henry Lacey | Independent | 115 | 4.9 | ||
Specially elected African members
| Territory | Member | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Northern Rhodesia | Mateyo Kakumbi | Independent | |
| Dauti Lawton Yamba | Independent | ||
Specially appointed European member
| Territory | Member | Party |
|---|---|---|
| NORTHERN RHODESIA | Dr. John Fearby Campbell Haslam (resigned, 20 December 1954) | Independent |
| Sir John Smith Moffat (appointed 22 December 1954) | Independent |
Nyasaland
Ordinary members
| Constituency Electorate and turnout |
Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYASALAND Four members 1,058 (85.8%) |
Rupert Cecil Bucquet | Federal Party | 903 | 87.3 |
| John Foot | Federal Party | 879 | ||
| Paul Frederick Brereton | Federal Party | 822 | ||
| Malcolm Palliser Barrow | Federal Party | 808 | ||
| Pranlal Dayaram Lalsodagarwala | Independent | 105 | 9.7 | |
| Alibhai Adambhai Desai | Independent | 85 | ||
| Charles Walsh | Confederate Party | 29 | 3.0 |
Specially elected African members
| Territory | Member | Party |
|---|---|---|
| NYASALAND | Wellington Manoah Chirwa | Independent |
| Clement Robin Kumbikano | Independent |
Specially appointed European member
| Territory | Member | Party |
|---|---|---|
| NYASALAND | Andrew Beveridge Doig (resigned, 24 June 1958) | Independent |
Southern Rhodesia
Ordinary members
| Constituency Electorate and turnout |
Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORDER 3,618 (83.2%) |
Benjamin Disraeli Goldberg | Federal Party | 1,886 | 62.7 |
| Andrew Skeen | Confederate Party | 1,123 | 37.3 | |
| BULAWAYO 3,401 (75.9%) |
Donald Macintyre | Federal Party | 1,789 | 69.3 |
| Arthur Lear Smith | Confederate Party | 793 | 30.7 | |
| BULAWAYO SUBURBS 3,575 (77.3%) |
William Hives Eastwood | Federal Party | 1,961 | 71.0 |
| William Shaw | Confederate Party | 801 | 29.0 | |
| DARWIN 3,547 (79.4%) |
John Moore Caldicott | Federal Party | 1,946 | 69.1 |
| Richard Hunter Christie | Confederate Party | 872 | 30.9 | |
| MIDLANDS 3,584 (71.5%) |
Ian Douglas Smith | Federal Party | 1,148 | 44.8 |
| Robert Williamson | Independent | 785 | 30.6 | |
| William Henry Weedon | Confederate Party | 629 | 24.6 | |
| MREWA 3,664 (80.3%) |
Neville Gwynne Barrett | Federal Party | 1,816 | 61.7 |
| George Richard Musgrave | Confederate Party | 1,126 | 38.3 | |
| SALISBURY 3,995 (72.8%) |
Leslie Manfred Noel Hodson | Federal Party | 2,023 | 69.5 |
| John Liston Dalrymple | Confederate Party | 886 | 30.5 | |
| SALISBURY SOUTH 3,665 (75.2%) |
William Alexander Eustace Winterton | Federal Party | 1,496 | 54.3 |
| Hendrik Andries Alberts | Confederate Party | 1,261 | 45.7 | |
| SALISBURY SUBURBS 3,649 (77.2%) |
Godfrey Martin Huggins | Federal Party | 2,055 | 73.0 |
| Estcourt Vernon Herbert Cresswell-George | Confederate Party | 761 | 27.0 | |
| SALISBURY WEST 3,848 (78.3%) |
James Watson Swan | Federal Party | 2,069 | 68.7 |
| Percy Arthur Newton | Confederate Party | 943 | 31.3 | |
| SEBAKWE 3,331 (78.0%) |
John Richard Dendy Young | Confederate Party | 1,415 | 54.5 |
| Jacob Letterstedt Smit | Federal Party | 1,182 | 45.5 | |
| UMGUZA 3,675 (78.0%) |
Julius Macdonald Greenfield | Federal Party | 2,072 | 72.3 |
| William Henry Rattham | Confederate Party | 795 | 27.7 | |
| UMNIATI 3,484 (75.5%) |
Leslie Major Cullinan | Federal Party | 1,491 | 56.7 |
| James Angus Graham, Marquess Graham | Confederate Party | 1,138 | 43.3 | |
| WESTERN 3,375 (73.4%) |
Robert Francis Halsted | Federal Party | 1,593 | 64.3 |
| Andries Bernardus Mentz | Confederate Party | 883 | 35.7 |
Specially elected African members
| Constituency Electorate and turnout |
Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MASHONALAND 26,049 (55.9%) |
Jasper Zengeza Savanhu | Independent | 9,447 | 64.9 |
| Stanlake John William Thompson Samkange | Independent | 5,120 | 35.1 | |
| MATABELELAND 24,425 (53.1%) |
Masotsha Mike Hove | Independent | 10,558 | 81.5 |
| Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo | Independent | 2,400 | 18.5 |
Specially elected European member
| Constituency Electorate and turnout |
Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOUTHERN RHODESIA 50,474 (72.4%) |
Percy Ibbotson | Independent | 13,402 | 36.7 |
| Ian Finlay McLean | Confederate Party | 10,183 | 27.9 | |
| James Henderson Farquhar | Independent | 8,353 | 22.8 | |
| Henry Alfred Holmes | Independent | 4,621 | 12.6 |
Changes during the Assembly
Southern Rhodesia by-election
Wupu Wakulongozga Percy Ibbotson, mulara wa ku Europe uyo wakimiranga vyandulo vya ku Africa kufuma ku Southern Rhodesia, wakafwa pa 3 Epulero 1955. Apo mavoti ghakaŵa pafupi kumara pa Meyi 27, 1955, Harry Ellinder Davies ndiyo wakaŵa yekha uyo wakakhumbanga kumusintha.
Kafue by-election
Guy Van Eeden, uyo wakatinkhanga chomene fundo za chipani cha Federal Party, wakafumiskika mu chipani ichi mu Julayi 1955 ndipo wakaleka ntchito pa Julayi 8, 1955 kuti wazakaŵepo pa mavoti gha Kafue (Northern Rhodesia). Pa 6 Okutobala 1955, ŵakachita chisankho.
| Constituency Electorate and turnout |
Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KAFUE 1,290 (64.7%) |
Guillaume François Marais Van Eeden | Independent | 500 | 59.9 |
| Geoffrey Bernard Beckett | Federal Party | 305 | 36.5 | |
| Frank Sheridan Derby | Independent CP | 30 | 3.6 |
Sebakwe by-election
J.R. Dendy Young, uyo wakaŵa wa chipani cha Confederate Party mu Sebakwe (Southern Rhodesia), wakasankhika kuŵa mweruzgi. Wakaleka mulimo wake pa 26 Janyuwale, 1956, ndipo pa 5 Epulero, 1956, pakaŵa mavoti gha chigaŵa. Pa nyengo iyi, chipani cha Confederate chikaŵa kuti chaparanyika ndipo chikaŵa kuti chalembeka na chipani cha Dominion.
| Constituency Electorate and turnout |
Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SEBAKWE | Robert Williamson | DP | 805 | 36.7 |
| Dr Morris Isaac Hirsch | Federal Party | 786 | 35.8 | |
| Johannes Mathys de Kock | Com P | 603 | 27.5 |
Mrewa by-election
Neville Barrett, wa chipani cha Federal Party ku Mrewa (Southern Rhodesia) wakafwa pa 15 April 1957. Pa 6 Juni 1957, pakaŵa mavoti gha ku malo ghake.
| Constituency Electorate and turnout |
Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MREWA 3,853 (67.4%) |
Winston Joseph Field | DP | 1,375 | 52.9 |
| Evan Roy Campbell | Federal Party | 1,223 | 47.1 |
Mashonaland by-election
Jasper Savanhu, uyo wakaŵa mulara wa mpingo wa Mashonaland (Southern Rhodesia), wakaŵa na suzgo na dango liphya ilo likayowoyanga za mazaza gha awo ŵakukhumba kuvota. Nangauli wakaŵa na mulimo wa kuvikilira maghanoghano gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakamusankhanga ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Europe. Ntheura wakadumura kuti wazomerezge fundo izi, kweni nyengo yeneyiyo wakaleka mulimo wake (August 1, 1957) na kupempha kuti wazakaŵepo pa nyengo yinyake. Pa 27 Seputembala 1957, apo mavoti ghakaŵa pafupi kumara, wakaŵa yekha uyo wakasankhika, ntheura wakasankhika kwambura kususkika.
Seat vacant at dissolution
Paul Brereton (Federal Party), yumoza wa ŵimiliri ŵa Nyasaland, wakafwa pa 21 July 1958. Malo agha ghakaŵa ghatuŵa cifukwa ca maungano gha boma agho ghakaŵa pafupi kucitika.
Ukaboni
- Colin Leys, "An Election in Nyasaland." Political Studies, Vol. 5, No. 3 (1957).