Lithyamu

Lithium, ₃Li
	Lithium floating in oil
Lithium
Pronunciation	/ˈlɪθiəm/ (LITH-ee-əm)
Appearance	silvery-white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Li)
	[6.938, 6.997]; 6.94±0.06 (abridged);
Lithium in the periodic table
	helium ← lithium → beryllium
Atomic number (Z)	3
Group	group 1: hydrogen and alkali metals
Period	period 2
Block	s-block
Electron configuration	[He] 2s1
Electrons per shell	2, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	453.65 K (180.50 °C, 356.90 °F)
Boiling point	1603 K (1330 °C, 2426 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	0.534 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	0.512 g/cm3
Critical point	3220 K, 67 MPa (extrapolated)
Heat of fusion	3.00 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	136 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.860 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0, +1 (a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 0.98
Ionization energies	1st: 520.2 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 7298.1 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 11815.0 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 152 pm
Covalent radius	128±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	182 pm
	Spectral lines of lithium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod	6000 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	46 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	84.8 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	92.8 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	+14.2×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	4.9 GPa
Shear modulus	4.2 GPa
Bulk modulus	11 GPa
Mohs hardness	0.6
Brinell hardness	5 MPa
CAS Number	7439-93-2
History
Discovery	Johan August Arfwedson (1817)
First isolation	William Thomas Brande (1821)
Isotopes of lithium v; e;
	Template:infobox lithium isotopes does not exist
	Category: Lithium; view; talk; edit; \| references

Lithyamu (Lithium) ni chimoza mwa visungunu icho chili na chimanyikwiro cha 'Li' na chipenda-atomu cha 3.

Nkhani iyi njambula kumala. Pala mukumanya vinandi vakukhwaskana na Lithyamu, chonde sazgilanipo ivo mukumanya kuti ikule

Ukaboni

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Lithium". CIAAW. 2009.
↑ Li(0) atoms have been observed in various small lithium-chloride clusters; see Milovanović, Milan; Veličković, Suzana; Veljkovićb, Filip; Jerosimić, Stanka (October 30, 2017). "Structure and stability of small lithium-chloride Li_nCl_m^(0,1+) (n ≥ m, n = 1–6, m = 1–3) clusters". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (45). doi:10.1039/C7CP04181K.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Nkhani iyi ya science article njambula kumala. Mungavwila kwizila mu kusazgilamo ivo mungamanya.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Lithium". CIAAW. 2009.

[2] Li(0) atoms have been observed in various small lithium-chloride clusters; see Milovanović, Milan; Veličković, Suzana; Veljkovićb, Filip; Jerosimić, Stanka (October 30, 2017). "Structure and stability of small lithium-chloride Li_nCl_m^(0,1+) (n ≥ m, n = 1–6, m = 1–3) clusters". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (45). doi:10.1039/C7CP04181K.

[3] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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