Nyumba ya Ufumu ya Windsor
Nyumba ya Windsor ni nyumba ya ufumu ya Britain na Commonwealth. Mu 1901, ŵa nyumba ya Saxe-Coburg na Gotha (awo ŵakaŵa chigaŵa cha nyumba ya Wettin) ŵakamba kulamulira mu ufumu wa Britain. Mu 1917, zina la nyumba yachifumu ya Britain likasinthika kufuma ku German Saxe-Coburg na Gotha kuya ku English Windsor chifukwa cha ŵanthu ŵakususka Germany mu United Kingdom pa Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose.[1] Kufuma nyengo yira, ŵa nyumba ya Windsor ŵaŵapo ŵalongozgi ŵankhondi: George V, Edward VIII, George VI, Elizabeth II, na Charles III. Ŵana na ŵana ŵanalume ŵa Fumukazi Elizabeth II na Prince Philip nawo ŵali mu mbumba ya Oldenburg cifukwa Philip wakaŵa mu mbumba ya Glücksburg.[2]
| House of Windsor | |
|---|---|
 Badge of the House of Windsor | |
| Parent house | House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha[a] |
| Country | United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms |
| Founded | 17 July 1917 |
| Founder | George V |
| Current head | Charles III |
| Members | List |
^ a: The children and male-line descendants of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip genealogically belong to the House of Glücksburg, a branch of the House of Oldenburg. | |
Fumu ndiyo yikulongozga vyaru 15. Vyaru ivi ni United Kingdom, Antigua na Barbuda, Australia, Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts na Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent na Grenadines, Solomon Islands, na Tuvalu. Padera pa mafumu agha, paliso vyaru vitatu ivyo vili pasi pa ufumu wa Britain, vyaru 14 vya ku Britain ivyo vili ku mpoto kwa charu ichi, na vyaru viŵiri vya New Zealand: Virwa vya Cook na Niue.
Mbili
lemba
Edward VII na mwana wake, George V, ŵakaŵa ŵa nyumba ya Sachsen-Coburg na Gotha cifukwa cakuti ŵakaŵa ŵa fuko la Albert, mfumu wa Fumukazi Victoria. Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose yikati yamara, ŵanthu ŵa mu Ufumu wa Britain ŵakamba kutinkhana comene na Germany. Mu 1917, ndege yikuru yakucemeka Gotha G.IV yikamba kuwombera msumba wa London. Mu chaka chenechichi, pa Malichi 15, mubali wa Themba George, Emperor Nicholas II wa ku Russia, wakachichizgika kuleka ufumu. Paumaliro, Themba na mbumba yake ŵakaghanaghana kuti ŵaleke maudindo ghose agho ŵakaŵa nagho mu ufumu wa Germany na kusintha mazina gha ku Germany kuŵa gha Chingelezi. Ntheura pa Julayi 17, 1917, Themba George V likalangura kuti:
Sono, cifukwa ca ici, ise, mwakuyana na khumbo na mazaza ghithu, tikuzomera na kupharazga kuti kwamba pa zuŵa la pharazgo lithu lacifumu ili nyumba yithu na mbumba yithu vizamumanyikwa na kucemeka nyumba na mbumba ya Windsor, ndipo ŵana wose ŵanalume ŵa abuya ŵithu, Fumukazi Victoria, awo mbanthu ŵa mu vyaru ivi, padera pa ŵana ŵanakazi awo ŵangatorana panji ŵangatora, ŵazamumanyikwa na zina la Windsor.....[3]
Zina ili likukolerana na muwuso wa ufumu wa Britain, kwizira mu tawuni ya Windsor, Berkshire, na Windsor Castle. Arthur Bigge, Baroni Wakwamba wa ku Stamfordham ndiyo wakasachizga.[4] Themba la ku Germany, Wilhelm II, likati lapulika kuti mubali wake wasintha zina la nyumba yachifumu ya Britain kuŵa Windsor, ndipo likati lawona buku la Shakespeare lakuti The Merry Wives of Windsor, likati likukhumba kuwonelera "The Merry Wives of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha"..[5]
George V wakazomerezgaso kuti ŵekha awo ŵakaŵa ŵabali ŵake ŵa ku Britain ndiwo ŵaŵe na mazina gha ufumu. Mu 1919, wakawuskako mazina gha ufumu ku ŵabali ŵake ŵatatu ŵa ku Germany.[6]
Mndandanda wa mafumu
lemba| Chithuzi | zina | Kawilo | Ulamulilo | Coronation | Nthengwa | Kufwa | Chihalo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
George V | 3 June 1865 | 6 May 1910
– 20 January 1936[lower-alpha 1] (25 years, 259 days) |
22 June 1911 | Mary of Teck | 20 January 1936
Sandringham House (aged 70 years, 231 days) |
Son of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark |
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|
Edward VIII | 23 June 1894 | 20 January 1936
– 11 December 1936 (326 days) |
Cancelled | Wallis Simpson | 28 May 1972
4 Route du Champ d'Entraînement (aged 77 years, 340 days) |
Son of George V and Mary of Teck |
|
George VI | 14 December 1895 | 11 December 1936
– 6 February 1952 (15 years, 57 days) |
12 May 1937 | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | 6 February 1952
Sandringham House (aged 56 years, 54 days) |
Son of George V and Mary of Teck |
|
Elizabeth II | 21 April 1926
17 Bruton Street, Mayfair |
6 February 1952
– 8 September 2022 (70 years, 214 days) |
2 June 1953 | Philip of Greece and Denmark | 8 September 2022
Balmoral Castle (aged 96 years, 140 days) |
Daughter of George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon |
_2022.jpg)
|
Charles III | 14 November 1948 | 8 September 2022
– present (2 years, 67 days) |
6 May 2023 | Diana Spencer(1981–1996)
Camilla Shand(since 2005) |
Living(age 76 years, 0 days) | Son of Elizabeth II |
Ŵabali
lembaMu 1917, boma la Britain likadumura kuti zina la nyumba yauthemba na ŵana wose ŵa Victoria na Albert ŵa mu mzere wa ŵanalume ŵaŵe na zina lakuti Windsor.
Ŵana ŵa Elizabeth II
lembaMu 1947, Fumukazi Elizabeth (iyo yikazgoka Fumukazi Elizabeth II), mwenecho wa Themba George VI, wakatora Philip Mountbatten (uyo wakababika Prince Philip wa Greece na Denmark), wa nyumba ya Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, munthavi wa nyumba ya Oldenburg. Pakati pajumpha myezi yichoko waka pambere ŵandatorane, Philip wakaleka maudindo ghake gha ufumu na kwamba kumanyikwa na zina lakuti Mountbatten, ilo likaŵa la adada ŵake ŵacibali ca amama, Earl Mountbatten wa ku Burma. Lizgu ili lili kung'anamulika kufuma ku lizgu la Chijeremani lakuti Battenberg.
Nyengo yichoko waka Elizabeth wati waŵa Fumukazi mu 1952, Fumu Mountbatten yikati cifukwa cakuti cikaŵa kaluso kwa mwanakazi kutora zina la mfumu wake, nyumba ya Mountbatten ndiyo yikamba kuwusa. Nkhoko ya Elizabeti, Fumukazi Mary, yikati yapulika mazgu agha, yikaphalira Winston Churchill, uyo pamasinda wakaphalira Fumukazi iyi kuti yipharazge kuti nyumba ya ufumu yiŵenge na zina lakuti Nyumba ya Windsor. Wakacita nthena pa Epulero 9, 1952, ndipo wakapharazga kuti "Ine na ŵana ŵane tiŵenge ŵa nyumba na mbumba ya Windsor, ndipo ŵana ŵane, padera pa ŵana ŵanakazi awo ŵatorana na ŵana ŵawo, ŵaŵenge na zina la Windsor". Philip wakadandawura kuti: "Ndine waka amoeba. Ndine pera mu caru ici uyo wakuzomerezgeka yayi kuphalira ŵana ŵake zina lake".[7]
Pa February 8, 1960, pati pajumpha vyaka vichoko waka kufuma apo Fumukazi Mary na Churchill ŵakafwira, Fumukazi yikati iyo na ŵana ŵake ŵalutilirenge kumanyikwa na zina lakuti "Nyumba na Mbumba ya Windsor", nga umo vikaŵira na mphapu zinyake izo zikulondezga fumu panji fumukazi. Ndipouli, Elizabeti wakalanguraso kuti ŵana ŵake awo ŵalije zina ili, ŵaŵenge na zina lakuti Mountbatten-Windsor.
Ivi vikacitika pamanyuma pa myezi yicoko waka ya kulemberana makalata pakati pa nduna yikuru Harold Macmillan na Edward Iwi, nkhwantha ya malango. Iwi wakayowoya kuti mwana wacifumu uyo wababikenge mu Febuluwale 1960 waŵenge na "Cimanyikwiro ca Uheni" usange wapika zina la amama ŵake (Windsor) m'malo mwa zina la awiske (Mountbatten). Macmillan wakayezga kumukanizga Iwi, m'paka mu Janyuwale 1960, Fumukazi yikaphalira Rab Butler kuti kwa nyengo yitali yikukhumba kusintha zina la Mountbatten. Wakakhumbanga kuti wasinthe pambere mwana wake wandababike. Nkhani iyi yikakhwaska yayi Karonga Charles panji Kasungwana Anne, cifukwa ŵakababika na zina lakuti Mountbatten, pambere Fumukazi iyi yindambe kuwusa. Fumu Andrew yikababika pamanyuma pa mazuŵa 11, pa Febuluwale 19, 1960.
Fumu yiliyose iyo yizamuwusa kunthazi yingasintha zina la ufumu wake kwizira mu dango lakuyana waka, chifukwa dango ili lili na mazaza yayi.[8]
Kakhalilo ka nyumba
lemba- Red-framed persons are living
- Black-framed persons are deceased
- Bold borders indicate children of British monarchs
Vyaru ivyo vikawusanga
lembaApo nyumba ya Windsor yikapangikanga, yikalongozganga Ufumu wa Britain. Ndipouli, Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose yikati yamara, vinthu vikasintha ndipo vikapangiska kuti vyaru vya Commonwealth viŵe vyakujiyimira. Kusintha uku kukazunulika mu mazgu gha Balfour Declaration of 1926, Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927, na Statute of Westminster 1931. Mbumba ya Windsor yikamanyikwa kuti ni mbumba yacifumu ya vyaru vinandi vyambura mazaza, ndipo ciŵerengero ici cikasintha kwa vyaka vinandi, pakuti ma Dominion ghanyake ghakazgoka ma republic ndipo ma Crown Colonies ghakazgoka ma realms, ma republics, panji ma monarchy agho ghakaŵa pasi pa fumu yinyake. Kwambira mu 1949, mathemba ghatatu gha nyumba ya Windsor, George VI, Elizabeth II na Charles III, ndiwo ŵakulongozga Commonwealth of Nations, iyo yikusazgapo vigaŵa vinandi vya ufumu wakale wa Britain na vyaru vinyake ivyo vikaŵako yayi.[9][10][11]
| Charu | Nyengo |
|---|---|
| Antigua and Barbuda | 1981–present |
| Australia | 1917–present |
| Bahamas | 1973–present |
| Barbados | 1966–2021 |
| Belize | 1981–present |
| Canada | 1917–present |
| Ceylon | 1948–1972 |
| Fiji | 1970–1987 |
| The Gambia | 1965–1970 |
| Ghana | 1957–1960 |
| Grenada | 1974–present |
| Guyana | 1966–1970 |
| India | 1947–1950 |
| Irish Free State | 1922–1949 |
| Jamaica | 1962–present |
| Malawi | 1964–1966 |
| Malta | 1964–1974 |
| Mauritius | 1968–1992 |
| New Zealand | 1917–present |
| Nigeria | 1960–1963 |
| Dominion of Pakistan | 1947–1956 |
| Papua New Guinea | 1975–present |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1983–present |
| Saint Lucia | 1979–present |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1979–present |
| Sierra Leone | 1961–1971 |
| Solomon Islands | 1978–present |
| South Africa | 1917–1961 |
| Tanganyika | 1961–1962 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 1962–1976 |
| Tuvalu | 1978–present |
| Uganda | 1962–1963 |
| United Kingdom | 1917–present |
Wonaniso
lembaVyakulemba
lemba- ↑ George V was a member of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha until he changed the name of the royal house to Windsor on 17 July 1917.
- ↑ After his abdication in 1936, King Edward VIII became the Duke of Windsor.
Ukaboni
lemba- ↑ McGuigan, Jim (2001). "British identity and 'people's princess'". The Sociological Review. 48 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1111/1467-954X.00200. S2CID 144119572.
- ↑ Berger, Marilyn (9 Epulelo 2021). "Prince Philip, Husband of Queen Elizabeth II, Is Dead at 99". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 Novembala 2022.
- ↑ "By the King. A Proclamation". London Gazette. His Majesty's Stationery Office. 17 Julayi 1917. p. 7119.
- ↑ "How did the royal family choose the name 'Windsor'?". History Extra. Immediate Media Company. 28 Epulelo 2021. Retrieved 10 Juni 2021.
- ↑ Carter, Miranda (2010), George, Nicholas and Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins and the Road to World War I, Random House, p. xxiii, ISBN 9780307593023
- ↑ "At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 28th day of March, 1919". London Gazette. His Majesty's Stationery Office. 28 Malichi 1919. p. 4000.
- ↑ Brandreth, Gyles (2004). Philip and Elizabeth: Portrait of a Marriage. pp. 253–254. London: Century. ISBN 0-7126-6103-4
- ↑ The Royal Family name Archived 30 Meyi 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Royal Household, retrieved 24 April 2016
- ↑ "Commonwealth (general)". The Royal Family. 11 Malichi 2016.
- ↑ "London Declaration". The Commonwealth. 16 Meyi 2019. Archived from the original on 4 Julayi 2021. Retrieved 25 Julayi 2021.
- ↑ Hardman, Robert (2018), Queen of the World, Random House, ISBN 9781473549647[page needed]
Viandi
lemba- Longford, Elizabeth Harman (Countess of Longford). The Royal House of Windsor. Revised ed. Crown, 1984.
- Roberts, Andrew. The House of Windsor. University of California Press, 2000.
Vigaŵa vya kuwaro
lemba
- Royal Family name from royal.uk
- House of Windsor from royal.uk
- House of Windsor Tree from royal.gov.uk (Lord Culloden & Albert+Leopold Windsor are missing)
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