Canaan Banana
Canaan Sodindo Banana (5 March 1936 - 10 November 2003) wakaŵa wasembe wa Zimbabwe, wasembe, na wandale uyo wakaŵa purezidenti wakwamba wa Zimbabwe kufuma 1980 mpaka 1987. Wakaŵa mulongozgi wakwamba wa chalo cha Zimbabwe (Ceremonial President) pamanyuma pa phangano la Lancaster House ilo likapangiska kuti chalo ichi chiŵe na wanangwa. Mu 1987, wakafumapo pa udindo wake ndipo wakimikika na nduna yikuru Robert Mugabe. Mu 1997, Banana ŵakamupa mulandu wa kugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha.
| Canaan Banana | |
|---|---|
| |
| Canaan Banana mu 1986 | |
| 1st President of Zimbabwe | |
| Nyengo: 18 April 1980 – 31 December 1987 | |
| Prime Minister | Robert Mugabe |
| Kupokela | Josiah Gumede (Zimbabwe Rhodesia) |
| Kuwiska na | Robert Mugabe |
| Umoyo wamunthu | |
| Kubabika | 5 March 1936 Essexvale, Southern Rhodesia |
| Kufwa | 10 November 2003 (vyaka vikaŵa 67) London, United Kingdom |
| Chipani | ZANU |
| Nthengwa | |
| Ŵana | 4 |
| Ntchito | Minister; professor; politician |
Banana wakababikira ku Essexvale (uko sono ni Esigodini), mu muzi wa Matabeleland, ku Southern Rhodesia. Wakasambira pa sukulu ya ŵamishonale pambere wandafike ku Epworth Theological College ku Salisbury (uko sono ni Harare). Wakaŵa muliska wa tchalitchi la Methodist, ndipo pakati pa 1963 na 1966, wakaŵa mulara wa sukulu. Mu 1969, wakasankhika kuŵa mulaŵiliri wa wupu wa Bulawayo Council of Churches. Kufuma mu 1971 kufika mu 1973, wakagwiranga nchito mu wupu wa All Africa Conference of Churches ndipo wakaŵa mu komiti ya World Council of Churches. Wakamba kuchita ndyali, ndipo wakasuska boma la Rhodesia ilo likaŵa pasi pa Ian Smith, ilo likayowoya kuti charu ichi chili na wanangwa mu 1965. Wakazgoka wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti wa African National Congress, kweni mwaluŵiro wakacimbira ku Rhodesia. Pakwamba wakaluta ku Japan, pamanyuma wakasamira ku Washington, D.C., United States, uko wakasambira pa Wesley Theological Seminary.
Wakati wawelera ku Rhodesia mu 1975, wakakakika mpaka mu 1976. Mu chaka chenechicho, wakaluta na Mugabe ku ungano wa Geneva, ndipo mu 1979, wakaluta ku ungano wa Lancaster House ku London, uwo ukapangiska kuti Zimbabwe yiŵe na wanangwa. Mu 1980, wakazgoka pulezidenti wakwamba wa caru ici, ndipo wakafumapo mu 1987 mwakuti Mugabe, uyo wakasintha mauteŵeti gha pulezidenti kufuma ku mauteŵeti gha pa ciphikiro kuya ku mauteŵeti gha pa wupu wakulongozga, watore malo ghake. Banana wakachitanga ntchito ya umishonale ku Organisation of African Unity ndipo wakasambizgaso pa University of Zimbabwe. Wakagwiraso nchito yikuru pakunozga umo magulu ghaŵiri ghakurughakuru gha Zimbabwe ghakazgokera ku vipani vya ndyali, ZAPU na ZANU yake, ivyo vikasazgikana mu 1988 kuti vipangike ZANU-PF, iyo ni chipani chakulongozga mu chalo.
Mu 1997, Banana wakakakika ku Zimbabwe cifukwa ca mulandu wa kugonana na ŵanalume ŵambura kutemwana, pamanyuma pa mulandu wa kukoma munthu munyake uyo wakaŵa mulinda wake, uyo wakakoma msilikari munyake uyo wakamunenanga kuti ni "muwoli wa Banana". Ŵakamuphalira kuti Banana wakagwiliskira nchito uheni mazaza ghake apo wakaŵa pulezidenti kuti wacizge ŵanalume ŵanandi kuti ŵagone nayo. Nangauli wakakananga ivyo ŵakamuphalira, kweni mu 1998 ŵakamusanga na mulandu wa kugonana na mwanalume mwanalume panji mwanakazi munthengwa. Wakakhala myezi 6 mu jere, ndipo ŵakamufumiskaso mu jele. Wakafwa na kansa mu 2003, ndipo malo agho wakafwira ghakupambana.
Banana wakaŵa munthu wakususka comene, comenecomene pamanyuma pa mulandu uwo wakeruzgika. Pakuŵa Pulezidenti, nyengo zose wakachindikikanga yayi (dango likapelekeka mu 1982, lakukanizga ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe kuti ŵaleke kuseka zina lake). Ndipouli, ŵanji ŵakamuzirwiska cifukwa ca kovwirapo pa nkhondo yakuwombora Zimbabwe ndipo pamanyuma pake cifukwa ca mulimo wake wa kukolerana kwa ZANU na ZAPU, ico cikamazga kukoma ŵanthu ku Gukurahundi. Wakati wafwa, Mugabe wakamuchema kuti "chawanangwa chachilendo ku mtundu".[1]
Umoyo Wakwambilira
Banana wakababika pa 5 March 1936, kufupi na Essexvale (sono ni Esigodini), Matabeleland, Southern Rhodesia.[2][3] Amama ŵake ŵakaŵa ŵa fuko la Ndebele, ndipo awiske ŵakaŵa ŵa fuko la Basotho awo ŵakafuma ku Lesotho.[4]Wakasambira ku sukulu ya Mzinyati, pambere wandamalizge masambiro ghake gha sekondare ku Tegwani High School ku Plumtree.[5] Pamasinda wakasambira ku sukulu ya ŵasambizgi pambere wandapoke digiri ya vya cisopa pa Epworth Theological College mu Salisbury (uko sono ni Harare). Mu 1962, wakimikika kuŵa muliska wa United Methodist. Pakati pa 1962 na 1966, wakateŵeteranga nga ni muliska, muliska wakwendakwenda, na mulaŵiliri wa sukulu ku Wankie (lero ni Hwange) na Plumtree. Mu 1969, wakasankhika kuŵa mulaŵiliri wa wupu wa Bulawayo Council of Churches, mulimo uwo wakacita mpaka mu 1971. Pakati pa 1970 na 1973, wakalongozga gulu la Southern Africa Content Group, ilo likaŵa mu wupu wa All Africa Conference of Churches. Mu uteŵeti uwu, wakawovwiranga matchalitchi gha kumwera kwa Africa apo ghakachitanga vinthu mwakukolerana na umo vinthu vikaŵira ku malo agha.[5][6] Pa nyengo iyi, wakaŵaso mu Wupu Wakulongozga wa World Council of Churches.[5]
Ntchito ya ndale
Our Father who art in the Ghetto,
Degraded is your name.
Thy servitude abounds,
Thy will is mocked,
As pie in the sky.
Teach us to demand,
Our share of gold.
Forgive us our docility,
As we demand our share of justice.
Lead us not into complicity,
Deliver us from our fears.
For ours is the sovereignty,
The power and the liberation,
For ever and ever,
Amen.
— Canaan Banana, from The Gospel According to the Ghetto
Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1960 na 1970, Banana wakachitanga ndyali. Kufuma pa pulatifomu, wakamba kususka muwuso wa ŵazungu ŵa ku Rhodesia na kupharazga vya cisopa ca ŵanthu ŵafipa. Wakafumiska buku la mutu wakuti The Gospel According to the Ghetto, ilo mukaŵa pemphero la Fumu ilo likamba na mazgu ghakuti "Ŵadada Ŵithu imwe muli mu Ghetto".[7][8][9][10]Iyo wakapulikira cisambizgo ca Cikristu, ndipo wakati "para nkhuwona munthu wakurwa nkhondo, nkhuwona Yesu Khristu".[7]
Mu 1971, boma la Britain likakolerana na nduna yikuru ya ku Rhodesia, Ian Smith, kuti ŵalute ku boma la ŵanthu ŵanandi. Ntheura Banana wakakolerana na Bishop Abel Muzorewa, uyo nayo wakaŵa muliska wa tchalitchi la Methodist, ndipo ŵakambiska gulu la United African National Council (UANC). Ndondomeko iyi yikazomerezgeka yayi, ndipo UANC yikamba kumanyikwa chomene. Pakwamba, Zimbabwe African National Union ya Ndabaningi Sithole na Zimbabwe African People's Union ya Joshua Nkomo ŵakajibatika ku UANC. Chifukwa chakuti ZANU na ZAPU ŵakawungana pamoza na ŵasilikari mu Nkhondo ya ku Rhodesia, UANC yikaŵa chipani cha ŵanthu ŵafipa pera mu Rhodesia. Banana wakaŵa Vice-President wa UANC kufuma 1971 mpaka 1973.[4][11]
Nangauli Banana na UANC ŵakaŵa ŵakuzika kuluska ZANU panji ZAPU, kweni boma likaŵasuzganga. Apo ŵalongozgi ŵanyake ŵa UANC ŵakakakika, wakacimbira ku Rhodesia pamoza na muwoli wake na ŵana ŵake. Pakwamba, wakaluta ku Botswana, uko wakakhalanga na mubwezi wake Ben Hopkinson. Kufuma apo, wakaluta ku Japan uko wakasambira pa Yunivesite ya Kansai ku Osaka. Paumaliro, wakasamira ku United States, ndipo wakakhala ku Washington, D.C. kwamba mu 1973 m'paka 1975. Wakateŵeteranga nga ni mwimiliri wa UANC ku United States na United Nations, ndipo wakasambira pa Wesley Theological Seminary kufuma mu 1974 mpaka 1975, wakapokera digiri ya Master of Theology.[4][5]
Wupu Wakulongozga wa Zimbabwe
Apo ŵabali ŵanandi ŵa mu wupu uwu ŵakakakika kuumaliro wa m'ma 1960, Banana na mbumba yake ŵakachimbilira ku United States ndipo ŵakawelera yayi m'paka mu 1975. Banana wakakakika wati wawerako, kweni ŵakamufumiska pakati pajumpha chaka chimoza, ŵakamujalira pa nyumba, ndipo pamanyuma pake ŵakamuzomerezga kuti wanjire mu mapulani gha Abel Muzorewa. Ndipouli, wakaleka mulimo uwu na kunjira gulu la ZANU (lakulongozgeka na Robert Mugabe), ilo likakhumbanga kuwuskapo boma la Smith. Wakati wawelera ku Rhodesia mu Disembala 1976, Banana wakakakikaso cifukwa ca kukhozgera ZANU.[3]
Mu 1980, Banana wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa charu ichi. Mu 1982, dango likapelekeka lakuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kutuka zina lake. Mu 1987, Mugabe ndiyo wakatora malo agha, ndipo wakajizgora yekha pulezidenti. Pamanyuma, Banana wakaŵa mulara wa wupu wakuwona vya visopa pa yunivesite ya Zimbabwe. Wakachitapo kanthu pakukhozga magulu ghaŵiri ghakurughakuru gha awo ŵakakhumbanga kujithemba, ZANU na ZAPU, kuti ŵapange Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front.[12]
Ŵakapika mulandu wa kugonana na ŵanalume ŵambura kwenelera na kujalirika mu jele
Mu 1997, Banana wakakakika ku Zimbabwe chifukwa cha mulandu wa kugonana na mwanalume munyakhe. Dube, mpolisi, wakakoma Patrick Mashiri, uyo wakamunenanga kuti ni "muwoli wa Banana uyo ni mutesi". Mulandu uwu ukakhwaskana na ivyo wapolisi wa boma wakayowoya vyakuti Banana wakagwiliskira ntchito uheni mazaza ghake apo wakaŵa pulezidenti kuti wacicizge ŵanalume ŵanandi awo ŵakaŵa na maudindo (kwambira ku ŵateŵeti ŵa mu nyumba mpaka ŵavikiliri, na ŵanthu ŵa mu magulu gha maseŵero agho wakaŵa mweruzgi wawo) kuti ŵapulikirenge vya kugonana mu nyumba ya boma. Banana wakasangika na mulandu wa milandu 11 ya kugonana na mwanalume mwanalume, kuyezga kugonana na mwanalume, na kunanga mwanalume mu 1998. Wakakana milandu yose, wakati kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha "nkhuheni, nkhuseluska, ndiposo nkhuheni", ndipo ivyo ŵakamuyowoyera vikaŵa "utesi" uwo ukaŵa na cilato ca kuparanya umoyo wake wa ndyali. Pamanyuma, Janet Banana wakayowoyapo kuti mfumu wake ni mwanalume uyo wakugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha.[13]
Wakacimbilira ku South Africa apo wakafwatulika pa cauti pambere wandajalirike mu jere, cifukwa wakagomezganga kuti Mugabe wakakhumbanga kumukoma. Wakawelera ku Zimbabwe mu Disembala 1998, wati wakumana na Nelson Mandela, uyo wakamuciska kuti wazomerezge mulandu uwu. Pa 18 January, 1999, Banana wakalangika vyaka 10 mu jele, vyaka 9 vikamara. Wakaŵa mu jele myezi 6 pambere wandafwatulike mu Janyuwale 2001. Muwoli wake wakapempha malo ghakuponerako ku Britain mu Okutobala 2000, mwakuyana na phangano ilo likaŵapo kale. Mwana wake Michael Thabo (wakafwa pa 17 November 2020) na muwoli wa Michael Caroline Banana ŵakaŵa nkhani ya 2013 BBC documentary Britain on the Fiddle kufufuza za upusikizgi wa welfare benefits mu United Kingdom.[14][15]
Kufwa
Pa Novembala 10, 2003, Banana wakafwa na kansa ku London mwakuyana na lipoti ilo likapelekeka na wupu wa Zimbabwe. The Guardian, nyuzipepara ya ku London, yikati Banana wakaluta ku South Africa, uko wakafwira, kuti wakapike munkhwala wakwenelera wa kansa. Kweni fundo iyi yikuthemba pa ukaboni wa ŵanthu ŵambura kugomezgeka.[11] Wakasungika ku Zimbabwe kuumaliro wa Novembala 2003. Mu upharazgi wa pa wayilesi, Pulezidenti Robert Mugabe wakati wakaŵa "chawanangwa chapadera ku mtundu uwu". Banana wakasungika kwambura ntchindi izo zikwenera kupelekeka ku ŵalongozgi ŵa vyaru. Kweniso wakapokeranga yayi ndalama zose izo pulezidenti wakale wakapokeranga nga ni penshoni.[3] Nathan Shamuyarira, Secretary of the Politburo for Information and Publicity, wakaphalira wayilesi ya boma kuti "iwo (politburo) ŵangakwaniska yayi kumupa Banana udindo wa ngwazi".[16]
Umoyo wa munthu
Banana wakatora Janet Mbuyazwe mu 1961.[9]
Ukaboni
- ↑ Zimbabwe's first black president (67) dies, Irish Times, November 11, 2003
- ↑ "Canaan Sodindo Banana | Zimbabwean theologian". Encyclopedia Britannica (in English). Retrieved 18 Julayi 2018.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Canaan Banana". The Daily Telegraph. London. 11 Novembala 2003. Retrieved 26 Juni 2008.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Lentz, Harris M. (2014). Heads of States and Governments Since 1945 (in English). Routledge. p. 2011. ISBN 9781134264971.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Canaan Banana – Pindula". www.pindula.co.zw (in English). Retrieved 18 Julayi 2018.
- ↑ Hopkinson, Ben (24 Novembala 2003). "Canaan Banana". The Independent (in British English). Retrieved 18 Julayi 2018.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Mark Steyn (17 Novembala 2003). "Zimbabwe's Banana left legacy of disgrace". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 22 Disembala 2015. Retrieved 10 Ogasiti 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ↑ Obituary: The Rev Canaan Banana, The Guardian, 12 November 2003
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "The Rev Canaan Banana". The Independent. 12 Novembala 2003. Archived from the original on 17 Okutobala 2010. Retrieved 11 Ogasiti 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ↑ Moes, Garry J. (2003). Streams Of Civilization: Cultures In Conflict Since The Reformation Until The Third Millennium After Christ (in English). Christian Liberty Press. p. 341. ISBN 9781930367463.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Canaan Banana." Biography Resource Center Online. Gale, 2004.
- ↑ Times, Special to the New York (1 Janyuwale 1988). "Mugabe Now President of a One-Party Zimbabwe". The New York Times (in American English). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 Meyi 2023.
- ↑ Taylor, Rebecca. 'They say that power corrupts – and it does'. The Guardian. 23 January 2002.
- ↑ "BBC One – Britain on the Fiddle, Episode 1". BBC. Retrieved 23 Julayi 2015.
- ↑ "Banana son's 'lucky' wife faces UK jail – Nehanda Radio". Nehanda Radio. 11 Febuluwale 2013. Retrieved 23 Julayi 2015.
- ↑ Zimbabwe Information Centre Archives of November 2003 Archived 19 Julayi 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 July 2008.