Pakati na Kumanjiliro gha dazi, Hong Kong
Pakati na Kumanjiliro gha dazi ni limoza mwa maboma 18 ghamu charu cha Hong Kong.Boma ili lili mu chigaŵa cha Hong Kong Island, icho mu vyaka vya 1839–1842 chikaŵa na chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu chakukwana 3,000 awo ŵakagaŵanika mu mizi ichoko ichoko yakukola somba apo malo ghake ghakakhalika na ŵazungu ŵakufumila ku United Kingdom mu nkhondo yakwamba ya Opium (1839–1842).
Pakati ni cigaŵa cikuru ca bizinesi na msumba ukuru wa Hong Kong. Kumanjiliro chikuphatikizapo Shek Tong Tsui, Kennedy Msumba, Sai Ying Pun, vigaŵa vya Lung Fu Shan. Chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa mu msumba wa Victoria, uwo ukaŵa msumba wakwambilira mu Hong Kong.
Mbiri
lembaChigaŵa chapakati, icho chikachemekanga Victoria City, ndicho chikaŵa chakwamba kuzenga misumba mu Hong Kong mu nyengo ya ukoloni. Ŵabali ŵa ku Britain ŵakaguliska malo mu Juni 1841, myezi 6 kufuma apo ŵakaŵikira ndembera ku Possession Point. Malo ghose 51 ghaguliskika ku nyumba 23 za ŵamalonda kuti ŵazengere maofesi na malo ghakusungiramo vinthu. Ŵanyake awo ŵakagura malo agha ŵakaŵa ŵa Dent, Jardine, Russell, na Olyphant. Pa nyengo iyo, misewu yiŵiri ya Albany Nullah (iyo sono ni Garden Road) na Glenealy Nullah (iyo sono ni Glenealy) yikaŵa ya ŵasilikari ŵa Britain. Pamanyuma misewu iyi yikamanyikwa kuti Government Hill. [1]
Mu 1857, boma la Britain likasazgirako msumba wa Victoria na kugaŵa vigaŵa 7. Malo agha ni: Sai Ying Pun, Sheung Wan, Tai Ping Shan, Kumanjiliro gha dazi. Malo agha ghakaŵa gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe m'paka mu 1860 apo ŵamalonda ŵa ku China ŵakamba kugura malo gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe kuzingilizga Cochrane, Wellington na Pottinger Streets. Malo gha ku Central ndiwo ghakaŵa malo gha bizinesi ku Europe, ntheura banki yikuru ya HSBC yikafika. Chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi chikaŵa malo ghakwendeskera malonda gha ŵanthu ŵa ku China. Apo vinthu vikakwera mu cigaŵa ici, mu Febuluwale 1866 pakaŵa ungano uwo ukaŵa na mulimo wa kukhazikiska "District Watch Force".[2]
Mu 1880, Shek Tong Tsui wakapangika, ndipo mu ma 1900, Kennedy Msumba nayo wakapangika. Kuzakafika m'ma 1890, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Hong Kong ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa ichi. [3]
Ndyali
lemba
Mipingo ya boma ku Hong Kong ni mawupu ghakupeleka ulongozgi ku boma la Hong Kong agho ghali na mazaza ghachoko waka, ndipo ghakuzenga na kupwelelera mapaki, malo ghakujulika, vyakusanguluska, na vyakusanguluska. Wupu wa chigaŵa uwu ni Pakati na Kumanjiliro gha dazi boma wupu wakulamulira.
Chisankho cha chigawo chikuchitika zaka zinayi zilizonse. Chisankho chomaliza chinachitika pa 24 November 2019, pa nyengo kuyambira pa 1 January 2020. Ŵabali 15 ŵakusankhika kufuma mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana ndipo ŵanayi ŵakwimikika na boma. Vigaŵa vya vigaŵa ivi ni vicoko kuluska vigaŵa vya vigaŵa ivyo vikugwiliskirika nchito kanandi, ivyo vikuyana waka na vigaŵa vya mu 1857 na 1880.
Ŵanthu
lembaKu Hong Kong, ŵanthu ŵakukwana 251,519, ndipo chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa ichi chikakhira chomene. Pakati pa vigaŵa 18 ivi, boma la Pakati na Kumanjiliro gha dazi ndicho chili na ndalama zinandi chomene pa vigaŵa vyose. Kuyana na unandi wa mbumba izo zili mu cigaŵa ici, ni cigaŵa cacitatu pa vigaŵa vyose pa caru capasi, ndipo pali ŵanthu 2.8, pamanyuma pa boma La Wan Chai na Yau Tsim Mong.
Mu 2016, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu mu chigaŵa ichi chikakhira kufika pa 243,266 panji kukhilira pasi pa 3%. [4]
Boma la Pakati na Kumanjiliro gha dazi chili na ŵanthu ŵakupambanapambana. 83% ŵa ŵanthu ŵa chigaŵa ichi mba ku China, ndipo mafuko ghakurughakuru ni Ŵafilipino (6%) na Ŵazungu (5%).[5]
Chigaŵa cha charu na ndyali
lembaChigawochi chili pa 22°17′00″N 114°09′00″E / 22.28333°N 114.15000°E, chifukwa cha malo a General Post Office ku Kumanjiliro gha dazi. Chigaŵa ichi chili na malo ghakukwana 12.4 km2. Chigaŵa ichi chili na boma la Wan Chai kumafumiro gha dazi, boma La Kummwela, na Victoria Harbour kumpoto. Chigaŵa ichi chikusazgapo Green Island na Little Green Island, virwa viŵiri vyambura ŵanthu kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Hong Kong Island.
Vigaŵa vyakufuma kumanjiliro gha dazi kuya kumafumiro gha dazi mumphepete mwa Victoria Harbour ni: Kennedy Msumba, Sai Ying Pun, Sheung Wan, Kumanjiliro gha dazi, Admiralty na malo ghanyake.
Ukaboni
lemba- ↑ Wordie, Jason (2002). Streets: Exploring Hong Kong Island. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 962-209-563-1.
- ↑ Tsai Jung-fang. [1995] (1995). Hong Kong in Chinese History: community and social unrest in the British Colony, 1842-1913. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-07933-8
- ↑ Sanderson, Edgar (1897–1898). The British Empire in the nineteenth century: its progress and expansion at home and abroad. Vol. IV. London: Blackie and Son. p. 339. LCCN 02002538. OCLC 11625716.
- ↑ 2016 census by district, table A201a, Retrieved 2018-05-26
- ↑ 2011 Population Census - Fact Sheet for Central and Western District Council District, Hong Kong Census
Islands • Kwai Tsing • North • Sai Kung • Sha Tin • Tai Po • Tsuen Wan • Tuen Mun • Yuen Long • Kowloon City • Kwun Tong • Sham Shui Po • Wong Tai Sin •Yau Tsim Mong • Central and Western • Eastern • Southern • Wan Chai