Nyumba ya Windsor
Nyumba ya Windsor ni nyumba iyo yikuwusa mu United Kingdom na vyaru vinyake vya Commonwealth. Zina la nyumba iyi likafuma ku malo ghakale gha Windsor Castle. Kwambira apo nyumba ya Windsor yikapangikira pa 17 July 1917, pakaŵa mafumu ghankhondi gha ku Britain: George V, Edward VIII, George VI, Elizabeth II, na Charles III. Ŵana na ŵanalume awo mbana ŵa Fumukazi Elizabeth II na Prince Philip, Duke wa Edinburgh, nawo mbana ŵa nyumba ya Oldenburg pakuti Philip wakababikira mu mbumba ya Glücksburg.
| House of Windsor | |
|---|---|
 Badge of the House of Windsor, featuring the Round Tower of Windsor Castle | |
| Parent house | House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha[a][b] |
| Country | United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms |
| Founded | 17 July 1917 |
| Founder | George V |
| Current head | Charles III |
| Members | See list |
^ a: The children and male-line descendants of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip genealogically belong to the House of Oldenburg through one of its branches, the House of Glücksburg. ^ b: The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha is a cadet branch of the House of Wettin. | |
Themba ni mulongozgi wa vyaru 15. Vyaru ivi ni United Kingdom, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands, na Tuvalu. Padera pa maufumu ghakupambanapambana agha, paliso vyaru vinyake vitatu ivyo vikuwusika na boma la Britain, vyaru 14 vyakucemeka British Overseas Territories, vyaru viŵiri vyakucemeka New Zealand, na cigaŵa cinyake.[1]
Mbili
lembaMu 1701, mpando wachifumu ukapelekeka kwa Sophia wa Hanover, uyo wakababikira mu nyumba ya Wittelsbach, wakatorana na nyumba ya Hanover, ndipo wakaŵa muzukuru wa James VI na I wa nyumba ya Stuart. Mu 1714, mwana wake George I, ndiyo wakayamba kuwusa, ndipo ufumu wa Hanover ukamba kuwusa kwa nyengo yitali. Paumaliro mu 1901, nyumba ya Saxe-Coburg na Gotha yikapoka ufumu wa Britain kufuma ku nyumba ya Hanover, ndipo themba Edward VII, mwana wa Fumukazi Victoria na Prince Albert wa Saxe-Coburg na Gotha ŵakamba kuwusa. Mu 1917, zina la nyumba yacifumu ya ku Britain likasinthika kufuma ku zina la ku Germany la Saxe-Coburg na Gotha kuya ku zina la ku England la Windsor, ndipo zina ili likafuma ku zina la nyumba yacifumu ya ku Berkshire.[2]
Themba Edward VII na mwana wake, George V, nawo ŵakaŵa ŵa Saxe-Coburg na Gotha ŵa nyumba ya Wettin chifukwa cha mphapu yawo kufuma kwa Albert, Prince Consort, mfumu wa Fumukazi Victoria, themba laumaliro la Britain kufuma ku nyumba ya Hanover. Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose yikati yacitika, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kutinkhana na boma la Britain. Nkhondo iyi yikamba mu 1917, apo ndege ya Gotha G.IV, iyo yikaŵa na nkhongono ya kwambuka nyanja ya English Channel, yikamba kuphulika na mabomba ku London. Pa 15 Malici, mubali wa mfumu George, uyo wakaŵa fumu ya Russia, zina lake Nicholas II, wakacicizgika kuleka kuwusa, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵambe kughanaghana kuti maufumu ghose gha ku Europe ghangamara. Paumaliro, themba na mbumba yake ŵakazomerezgeka kuleka mazina ghose gha ufumu wa Germany na kusintha mazina gha nyumba na mazina gha mazina gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Germany kuti ghaŵe gha Cingelezi. Ntheura, pa Julayi 17, 1917, George V wakapharazga kuti:
Ntheura, ise, na khumbo lithu na mazaza ghithu, tikupharazga kuti kufuma pa zuŵa ilo tikapharazgira, nyumba yithu na mbumba yithu yichemekenge Nyumba ya Windsor, ndipo ŵana wose ŵa sekuru withu, Fumukazi Victoria, awo mbanthu ŵa mu Ufumu uwu, padera pa ŵana ŵawo ŵanakazi awo ŵali kutora panji kutengwa, ŵazamuchemeka na zina la Windsor.
Zina ili likaŵa na kukolerana kwa nyengo yitali na ufumu wa ku Britain, mu tawuni ya Windsor, Berkshire, na Windsor Castle; kukolerana uku kukuyowoyeka mu Round Tower of Windsor Castle. Mubali Arthur Bigge, uyo wakaŵa Baroni wakwamba wa Stamfordham, ndiyo wakambiska nkhani iyi. Wakati wapulika kuti mubali wake wasintha zina la nyumba yacifumu ya ku Britain kuŵa Windsor ndipo pakuyowoya za buku la Shakespeare lakuti The Merry Wives of Windsor, Themba la ku Germany Wilhelm II likayowoya mwakuseka kuti likakhumbanga kuwona "The Merry Wives of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha".
George V wakazomerezgaso kuti ŵabwezi ŵake ŵa ku Britain pera ndiwo ŵaŵenge na mazina gha ufumu, ndipo mu 1919, wakawuskapo mazina gha ŵabwezi ŵake ŵatatu ŵa ku Germany.
Ŵana na ŵanalume awo ŵakafuma kwa Fumukazi Elizabeth II na Prince Philip nawo ŵali ku nyumba ya Oldenburg chifukwa Philip wakababikira ku Glücksburg.[3]
Mndandanda wa mafumu
lemba| Chithuzi | Zina | Mawilo | Ulamulili | Uvwali | Mwanakazi | Mafwilo | Wakutola ufumu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
George V | 3 June 1865 Marlborough House |
6 May 1910 – 20 January 1936[lower-alpha 1] (25 years, 259 days) |
22 June 1911 | Mary of Teck | 20 January 1936 Sandringham House (aged 70 years, 231 days) |
Son of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark |
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Edward VIII | 23 June 1894 White Lodge, Richmond Park |
20 January 1936 – 11 December 1936 (326 days) |
Cancelled | None | 28 May 1972 4 Route du Champ d'Entraînement (aged 77 years, 340 days) |
Sons of George V and Mary of Teck |
 |
George VI | 14 December 1895 York Cottage |
11 December 1936 – 6 February 1952 (15 years, 57 days) |
12 May 1937 | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | 6 February 1952 Sandringham House (aged 56 years, 54 days) | |
 |
Elizabeth II | 21 April 1926 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair |
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 (70 years, 214 days) |
2 June 1953 | Philip of Greece and Denmark | 8 September 2022 Balmoral Castle (aged 96 years, 140 days) |
Daughter of George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon |
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Charles III | 14 November 1948 Buckingham Palace |
8 September 2022 – present (2 years, 106 days) |
6 May 2023 | Camilla Shand | Living (age 76 years, 39 days) |
Son of Elizabeth II and Philip of Greece and Denmark |
Mamembala
lembaMu 1917, boma likapharazga kuti mazina gha mbumba yacifumu na ŵana wose ŵa Victoria na Albert ŵa ku Britain ŵaŵenge na zina la Windsor, kupaturako ŵanakazi awo ŵakutorana na ŵa mu mbumba zinyake.
Descendants of Elizabeth II
lembaMu 1947, Princess Elizabeth (uyo wakazakakhala Queen Elizabeth II), uyo wakadangira kwa King George VI, wakatorana na Philip Mountbatten (uyo wakababika Prince Philip wa Greece na Denmark), wa nyumba ya Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg,[1] nthambi ya nyumba ya Oldenburg. Myezi yicoko waka pambere ŵandatorane, Philip wakaleka mazina ghacifumu na kwamba kucemeka na zina la Mountbatten, zina la wiske wa anyina, Earl Mountbatten wa ku Burma, ndipo zina ili likapelekeka na adada ŵa Lord Mountbatten (agogo ŵa pa mama ŵa Philip), Prince Louis wa ku Battenberg, mu 1917. Zina ili likung'anamulika kufuma ku zina Lachihebere lakuti Battenberg, ilo likung'anamura tawuni ya Battenberg ku Hesse.[4]
Elizabeth wakati waŵa fumukazi mu 1952, Lord Mountbatten wakawona kuti sono nyumba ya Mountbatten ndiyo yikaŵa na mazaza, cifukwa cakuti cikaŵa cizgoŵi kuti muwoli wa mu nthengwa watore zina la mfumu wake. A gogo ŵa Elizabeth, a Queen Mary, ŵakati ŵapulika mazgu agha, ŵakaphalira nduna yikuru ya Britain, Winston Churchill, ndipo pamasinda iyo wakalangura Fumukazi kuti yipeleke dango lakuti nyumba yacifumu yilutilire kumanyikwa na zina lakuti Nyumba ya Windsor. Pa 9 Epulero 1952, wakalemba kuti: "Ni khumbo lane kuti ine na ŵana ŵane tiŵenge na zina lakuti Nyumba ya Windsor, ndipo ŵana ŵane ŵaŵenge na zina la nyumba ya Windsor, padera pa ŵana ŵanakazi awo ŵakutorana na ŵana ŵawo". Philip wakajiŵeyelera kuti, "Ndine cinthu cambura kuzirwa. Ndine pera mu caru ici uyo wakuzomerezgeka yayi kupeleka zina lake ku ŵana ŵake". [4]
Pa 8 February 1960, vyaka vinyakhe vikati vyajumphapo kufuma apo Queen Mary wakafwira na apo Churchill wakafumapo pa udindo wake, The Queen wakasimikizga kuti iye na ŵana ŵake ŵalutilirenge kumanyikwa na mazina gha "Nyumba na Banja la Windsor", nga ni umo ŵana wose ŵa mfumu panji muwoli wake (kuyana na mzere wa ŵanalume, panji patrilineality) awo ŵakukondwera na mazina gha Royal Highness na mazina gha kalonga panji mfumukazi. Ndipouli, Elizabeti wakalanguraso kuti ŵana ŵake awo ŵalije mazina agha ŵaŵenge na zina lakuti Mountbatten-Windsor.[4]
Ici cikacitika pamanyuma pa kulemberana makalata kwa myezi yicoko waka pakati pa nduna yikuru ya caru ici, Harold Macmillan, na Edward Iwi, nkhwantha ya malango. Iwi wakalongosora kuti mwana wa themba uyo wazamubabika mu Febuluwale 1960 wazamuŵa na "Badge of Bastardy" usange wamupika zina la anyina (Windsor) m'malo mwa zina la awiske (Mountbatten). Macmillan wakayezga kuti waleke kuzunura zina la Iwi, m'paka apo Fumukazi yikaphalira Rab Butler mu Janyuwale 1960 kuti kwa nyengo yitali mtima wake ukaŵa pa kusintha zina ili, Mountbatten. Wakakhumbanga kuti wasinthe pambere wandababike. Nkhani iyi yikaŵakhwaska yayi Charles na Anne, pakuti ŵakababikira ku Mountbatten pambere Queen Elizabeth wandaŵe themba. 4] Prince Andrew wakababika pamanyuma pa mazuŵa 11, pa 19 February 1960.
Themba lililose la munthazi lingasintha zina la fuko ili na dango lakuyana waka, nga umo dango la ufumu la ku United Kingdom likuyowoyera.[4]
Mndando wa mbumba
lemba- Ŵanthu awo ŵali na vilembo viswesi mbamoyo
- Ŵanthu awo ŵali na malemba ghafipa mbakufwa
- Para mphaka zalembeka mwakujumphizga vikulongora kuti ni ŵana ŵa mafumu gha ku Britain
Maufumu agho ghakalamuliranga
lembaNyumba ya Windsor yikati yaŵikika, mulongozgi wake ndiyo wakawusanga Ufumu wa Britain. Kweni Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose yikati yamara, vinthu vikasintha ndipo vyaru ivyo vikaŵa pasi pa Britain vikazgoka vyakupambanapambana. Mu 1926, boma la Britain likazomerezga vyakuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe na mazina gha ufumu. Mu 1927, boma la Britain likazomerezga vyakuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe na mazina gha maudindo. Nyumba ya Windsor yikamanyikwanga nga ni mbumba ya ufumu wa vyaru vinandi vyambura kujilamulila, ndipo unandi wa nyumba izi ukasinthanga nyengo yitali, apo maufumu ghanyake ghakazgoka ma republica ndipo maufumu ghanyake ghakazgoka ma kingdom, ma republica, panji ma monarchy. 7 Kwambira mu 1949, mafumu ghatatu gha ku nyumba ya Windsor, George VI, Elizabeth II na Charles III, nawo ŵanguŵa Mutu wa Commonwealth of Nations, iyo yikusazgapo vigaŵa vinandi vya ufumu wakale wa Britain na maufumu ghanyake agho ghakaŵako cara.[5][6][7]
| Charu | Nyengo |
|---|---|
| Antigua and Barbuda | 1981–present |
| Australia | 1917–present |
| Bahamas | 1973–present |
| Barbados | 1966–2021 |
| Belize | 1981–present |
| Canada | 1917–present |
| Ceylon | 1948–1972 |
| Fiji | 1970–1987 |
| The Gambia | 1965–1970 |
| Ghana | 1957–1960 |
| Grenada | 1974–present |
| Guyana | 1966–1970 |
| India | 1947–1950 |
| Irish Free State | 1922–1936 |
| Jamaica | 1962–present |
| Malawi | 1964–1966 |
| Malta | 1964–1974 |
| Mauritius | 1968–1992 |
| New Zealand | 1917–present |
| Dominion of Newfoundland | 1917-1949 |
| Nigeria | 1960–1963 |
| Dominion of Pakistan | 1947–1956 |
| Papua New Guinea | 1975–present |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1983–present |
| Saint Lucia | 1979–present |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1979–present |
| Sierra Leone | 1961–1971 |
| Solomon Islands | 1978–present |
| South Africa | 1917–1961 |
| Tanganyika | 1961–1962 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 1962–1976 |
| Tuvalu | 1978–present |
| Uganda | 1962–1963 |
| United Kingdom | 1917–present |
Wonaniso
lembaVyakulemba vinyake
lemba- ↑ George V was a member of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha until he changed the name of the royal house to Windsor on 17 July 1917.
- ↑ After his abdication in 1936, King Edward VIII became the Duke of Windsor.
Ukaboni
lemba- ↑ Burke's Royal Families of the World. p. 326. ISBN 0850110238.
- ↑ "The Royal Family name | The Royal Family". The Royal Family.
- ↑ Berger, Marilyn (9 April 2021). "Prince Philip, Husband of Queen Elizabeth II, Is Dead at 99". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 The Royal Family name Archived 30 Meyi 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Royal Household, retrieved 24 April 2016
- ↑ "Commonwealth (general)". The Royal Family. 11 March 2016.
- ↑ "London Declaration". The Commonwealth. 16 May 2019. Archived from the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
- ↑ Hardman, Robert (2018), Queen of the World, Random House, ISBN 978-1473549647[page needed]
Kuŵazga vinandi
lemba- Longford, Elizabeth Harman (Countess of Longford). The Royal House of Windsor. Revised ed. Crown, 1984.
- Roberts, Andrew. The House of Windsor. University of California Press, 2000.
Pa intaneti
lemba
- Royal Family name from royal.uk
- House of Windsor from royal.uk
- House of Windsor Tree from royal.gov.uk (Lord Culloden & Albert+Leopold Windsor are missing)
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