Rupiah Banda
Rupiah Bwezani Banda (19 February 1937 - 11 March 2022) wakaŵa wandale wa ku Zambia uyo wakachitanga nga ni purezidenti wachinayi wa Zambia kufuma mu 2008 mpaka 2011, ndipo wakatora malo gha Levy Mwanawasa, uyo wakafwa pakuŵa purezidenti. Banda wakachitanga ndyali kufuma waka apo Kenneth Kaunda wakaŵa pulezidenti.
| Rupiah Banda | |
|---|---|
| |
| Banda mu 2010 | |
| 4th President of Zambia | |
| Nyengo: 19 August 2008 – 23 September 2011 | |
| Wachiŵili kwa mlongozgi | George Kunda |
| Kupokela | Levy Mwanawasa |
| Kuwiska na | Michael Sata |
| 10th Vice-President of Zambia | |
| Nyengo: 9 October 2006 – 2 November 2008 | |
| Mlongozgi charu | Levy Mwanawasa |
| Kupokela | Lupando Mwape |
| Kuwiska na | George Kunda |
| Umoyo wamunthu | |
| Kubabika | Rupiah Bwezani Banda 19 February 1937 Gwanda, Southern Rhodesia |
| Kufwa | 11 March 2022 (vyaka vikaŵa 85) Lusaka, Zambia |
| Chipani | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy |
| Nthengwa |
|
| Ŵana | 7 |
| Sukulu | Addis Ababa University Lund University Wolfson College, Cambridge |
| Zina lamilangwe | RB |
Mu Okutobala 2006, Mwanawasa wakamwimika kuŵa wachiŵiri wa purezidenti. Mwanawasa wakati wapwetekeka na sitiroko mu Juni 2008 ndipo wakafwa mu chaka chenechichi, wakazgoka pulezidenti wakwimilira. Pa chisankho cha 2008, wakathereska mulongozgi wa chipani cha opposition Michael Sata wa Patriotic Front. Wakathereskeka pa mavoti gha 2011 ndipo wakatora malo gha Sata.
Umoyo Wakwambilira
Banda wakababikira mu tawuni ya Miko, Gwanda, Southern Rhodesia (sono ni Zimbabwe); ŵapapi ŵake ŵakafuma ku Northern Rhodesia kuti ŵazakasange nchito pambere wandababike. R. Naik, wa ku India) kuti walutilire kusambira m'paka waŵe mulara.[1] Wakamba kunjilirapo pa ndyali apo wakanjira gulu la ŵawukirano la UNIP mu 1960. Banda wakaŵa yumoza wa ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵa pa Rusangu University, Zambia.[2]
Kuŵa na Maluso
RLupiah Banda wakaŵa mwimiliri wa UNIP ku Northern Europe mu 1960 ndipo mu 1965 wakasankhika kuŵa kazembe wa Zambia ku Egypt (United Arab Republic). Apo wakaŵa ku Lusaka, wakaŵa mubwezi wa Jonas Savimbi, mulongozgi wa UNITA, ndipo fundo yakuti UNITA yijure maofesi mu Lusaka pa nyengo iyi yikulongora kuti Banda ndiyo wakawovwira. Banda wakaŵa kazembe wa United States pa 7 April 1967.[3]
Wakateŵeteranga nga ni kazembe ku U.S. kwa vyaka viŵiri, ndipo wakawelera ku Zambia kuti wakaŵe Chief Executive of the Rural Development Corporation kwa vyaka viŵiri ndipo pamasinda wakaŵa General Manager wa National Agriculture Marketing Board kwa nyengo yakuyana waka.
Pamanyuma wakasankhika kuŵa mwimiliri wa United Nations, ndipo apo wakaŵa pa udindo uwu wakalongozgaso UN. Wupu wa Namibia. Pakati pajumpha cilimika cimoza ku UN, wakasankhika kuŵa nduna ya vyaru vya kuwaro ya Zambia. Pa nyengo iyo wakaŵa nduna ya vyalo (1975-1976), Banda wakatangwanika na kuyezgayezga kuti paŵe mtende mu Angola.[4]
Ndyali
Banda wakasankhika kuŵa mphala ya malango kufuma mu chigaŵa cha Munali mu 1978 ndipo wakataya mphala iyi kwa Simeon Kampata mu 1983. Nangauli wakathereskeka pa ungano uwo ukacitika mu 1988, kweni wakaluta ku khoti. Wakateŵeteraso kwa nyengo yicoko waka nga ni nduna ya vya migodi.[4]
Mu 1991, wakathereskeka mu chigaŵa cha Munali na uyo wakadangira ku chigaŵa cha Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) Ronald Penza. Nangauli pakwamba wakakhumbanga kuti wazakaŵepo pa mavoti gha 1996, kweni wakawovwira kuti UNIP yileke kuwungana pa mavoti.[4]
Pambuyo pa Purezidenti Mwanawasa kusankhidwanso mu Seputembala 2006, adasankha Banda wachiwiri kwa purezidenti pa Okutobala 9, 2006, limodzi ndi nduna yatsopano. Pamanyuma pake wakati wasankhika, wakanjira gulu la MMD. Kusankhika kwa Banda kukawonekanga nga ni nthowa yakupa njombe ŵanthu ŵa kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Zambia chifukwa cha kukhozgera MMD pa chisankho, pakuti aka kakaŵa kakwamba kuti ŵanthu ŵa kumafumiro gha dazi ŵachite nthena.
Pambere ungano wa chalo cha Southern African Development Community (SADC) undachitike mu mwezi wa Ogasiti 2007, Mwanawasa wakatuma Banda kuti wakambiske ubwezi na chalo cha Zimbabwe..[5]
Wupu Wakulongozga
Acting capacity
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Mwanawasa wakati wapwetekeka na sitiroko apo wakalutanga ku ungano wa African Union ku Egypt pa 29 June, 2008, Banda wakazgoka president wakuchitapo kanthu.[6]Pamanyuma pake wakapeleka nkhani zakukhorweska kweni zambura kupulikikwa za umoyo wa Mwanawasa. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakayika, kweni Banda wakati walije "chifukwa cha kutolera utesi".[7]
Pakuŵa wachiŵiri wa purezidenti, Banda wakaŵaso mulongozgi wa milimo ya boma mu National Assembly; ndipouli, apo National Assembly yikakumana pa 5 August 2008, pamanyuma pa sitiroko ya Mwanawasa, Banda wakasankha nduna ya vya vimbundi, George Mpombo, kuti ndiyo walongozge milimo ya boma.[8]
Mwanawasa wakawelerapo yayi ku nthenda iyi ndipo wakafwa apo wakaŵa mu chipatala ku Paris pa 19 August 2008. Pakulongosora "chitima chikuru na chitima chikuru", Banda wakapharazga nyifwa yake ku mtundu wose ndipo wakapharazga nyengo ya mazuŵa ghankhondi na ghaŵiri ya kulira kwa fuko lose, ndipo wakaciska ŵanthu ŵa ku Zambia kuti "ŵalutilire kuŵa ŵakuzika na kulira pulezidenti withu mwantchindi". Banda wakayamba nadi kuwusa nga ni purezidenti pamaso pa mavoti gha purezidenti ghaphya, agho kuyana na dango la chalo ghakwenera kuchitika mu mazuŵa 90 kufuma apo Mwanawasa wakafwira.[9]Pa Ogasiti 26, 2008, Banda wakalemba pempho lakuti waŵe wakwimilira wa MMD. Pa zuŵa lenelili, MMD mu chigaŵa cha Eastern yikafumiska chikalata chakukhozgera candidacy ya Banda. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakagomezganga kuti watondekenge, ndipo wakapokera mavoti 47 kwimikana na 11 gha Ng'andu Magande, nduna ya vya ndalama. Pa nyengo iyi, Banda wakalayizga kuti "wazamukolerana na chipani na mtundu wose" ndiposo kuti "wazamulutilira kufiska mapulogiramu gha [Mwanawasa]".
Chiwerengero choyambirira chikusonyeza kuti mdani wamkulu wa Banda, Michael Sata wa Patriotic Front (PF), akutsogolera, koma pamene mavoti ochokera kumadera akumidzi adawerengedwa, Banda adatseka mpatawo ndipo pamapeto pake adadutsa Sata. Pa Novembala 2, chiŵerengero cha mavoti chikulongora kuti Banda wakapokera mavoti 40 peresenti. Banda wakalapizga pa State House pa zuŵa lenelili, ndipo wakayowoyapo kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe ŵakukolerana.[10]
Kusankhika na kutondeka
Pakuŵa purezidenti, Rupiah Banda wakalaŵiskanga chomene pa vyachuma, wakendanga mu vyaru vinyake kuti wakhozge malonda gha Zambia ku ŵalongozgi ŵa vyaru vinyake. Mu Disembala 2010 wakaluta ku Egypt kukakumana na President Hosni Mubarak.[11]
Pakati pa chaka cha 2009 chikapharazgika kuti komiti ya MMD National Executive Committee yikasankha Banda kuti waŵe mulongozgi wa chipani ichi pa chisankho cha 2011. Ŵanyake ŵakasuska fundo iyi, ŵakati ndondomeko ya kusora ŵanthu yikwenera kuŵa yakuzomerezgeka ku ŵanthu ŵanyake; Mpombo, nduna ya vyavikiliro, wakafumapo pa udindo wake mu Julayi 2009 apo wakasuskanga ndondomeko iyi kuti njambura demokilase. Pulezidenti Banda wakazomelezga ŵanthu ŵanyake kuti ŵamususke pa maungano gha MMD agho ghakuchitika mu chalo chose.[12]
Banda wakati wafika pa udindo wake, wakawuskapo vinthu vinandi vyakususkana na vimbundi ivyo vikacitika na Mwanawasa.[13]
Michael Sata, mulongozgi wa chipani cha opposition cha Patriotic Front, wakathereska Banda pa chisankho cha pulezidenti cha mu September 2011, ndipo wakamalizga mavoti ghake gha vyaka vitatu.[14]
Umoyo wakunthazi
Pa 15 March 2013, Banda wakazgoka mulongozgi waciŵiri wa chalo mu mbiri ya Zambia kuti wanjire mu wupu.[15] Ivi vikacitika cifukwa ca kususkika na Sata kuti wakugwiliskira nchito uheni mazaza ghake, ni vimbundi, ndiposo kuti wakugwiliskira nchito uheni ndalama za mafuta.[15]
Kufwa
Banda wakafwira pa nyumba yake ku Lusaka ku nthenda ya kansa ya mu nthumbo pa 11 March 2022, wali na vyaka 85..[16][17][18][19] Pamanyuma pa nyifwa yake, boma la Zambia likapharazga mazuŵa 7 gha kulira kwa fuko lose uku ndembera zili pasi[20][21] ndipo Namibia wakapharazga mazuŵa ghatatu gha kulira.[22][23]
Mbumba
Rupiah Banda wakatora muwoli wake wakwamba, Hope Mwansa Makulu (29 August 1941 - 11 October 2000), mu 1966 ndipo banalume aŵa ŵakaŵa na ŵana ŵatatu.[24] Makulu wakafwira ku South Africa, wali na vyaka 59.[24] Wakasungika mu dindi la Leopards Hill.[24]
Muwoli wake waciŵiri, Thandiwe Banda, msambizgi wa sayansi ya ndyali, wakaŵa mucoko kwa Banda na vilimika vyakujumpha 30.[25][26] TThandiwe Banda wakaŵa First Lady wa Zambia pa nyengo iyo wakaŵa President kufuma 2008 mpaka 2011.[26]
Ukaboni
- ↑ "I Am Overwhelmed By the Appointment, Says Banda". www.webrtcworld.com. Retrieved 16 Ogasiti 2021.
- ↑ "President Rupiah Banda Awarded Honorary Doctorate". African Business Review. 5 Meyi 2013. Retrieved 12 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ Diplomatic List, 1967, U.S. Department of State.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "I Am Overwhelmed By the Appointment, Says Banda", Sunday Post (tmcnet.com), 10 October 2006.
- ↑ "Zambian leader 'wants to make up with Mugabe'". www.iol.co.za (in English). 1 Ogasiti 2007. Retrieved 12 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ James Butty, "Zambian President Has Had a History of Hypertension, Says Information Minister", VOA News, 2 July 2008.
- ↑ "Mwanawasa's condition 'promising'". www.iol.co.za (in English). Sapa-AFP. 25 Julayi 2008. Retrieved 12 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ "Zambian parliament meets". www.iol.co.za (in English). Sapa-Associated Press. 5 Ogasiti 2008. Retrieved 12 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ Shacinda, Shapi (20 Ogasiti 2008). "Zambian VP takes charge, will call fresh polls". Reuters (in English). Retrieved 12 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ "Zambia: Banda sworn in, riots spread". IOL (in English). Sapa-DPA. 2 Novembala 2008. Retrieved 12 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ Zambia eyes Egyptian investment – Economy – Business – Ahram Online. English.ahram.org.eg (30 December 2010). Retrieved on 21 June 2011.
- ↑ "I'm ready to be challenged, says Banda". Lusaka Times. 10 Janyuwale 2011. Archived from the original (web.archive.org) on 13 Janyuwale 2011. Retrieved 12 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ Bearak, Barry (20 Juni 2011). "Frederick Chiluba, Former President of Zambia, Dies at 68". The New York Times.
- ↑ Mfula, Chris; Dzirutwe, MacDonald (23 Sekutembala 2011). "Zambia's "King Cobra" Sata sworn in as president". Reuters (in English). Retrieved 12 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Zambia strips ex-president of immunity from prosecution". Reuters. 15 Malichi 2013. Retrieved 12 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ "Zambia's ex-President Rupiah Banda dead at 85". DW.com. 11 Malichi 2022. Retrieved 12 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ "Zambia's former president Rupiah Banda dies aged 85". National Post/Reuters (in English). 11 Malichi 2022. Retrieved 11 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ Mfula, Chris (12 Malichi 2022). "Zambia's former president Rupiah Banda dies aged 85". Reuters (in English). Retrieved 12 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ "Rupiah Banda, Who Ruled Zambia for Three Years, Dies at 85". Bloomberg.com. 11 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ "Zambia declares mourning after the death of former president". Associated Press. 14 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ "Zambia : Zambia declares seven days national mourning in honour of the late Fourth President". 12 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ "Zambia : Namibia declares 3 day national mourning for RB". 17 Malichi 2022.
- ↑ "Namibia declares mourning period for late Zambian leader".
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 "President Banda pays tribute to late wife". Lusaka Times. 7 Meyi 2011. Retrieved 12 Sekutembala 2013.
- ↑ "Thandiwe narrates how she married Rupiah". The Post (Zambia). 21 Meyi 2010. Archived from the original on 18 Ogasiti 2010. Retrieved 12 Sekutembala 2013.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 "'I cant divorce Thandiwe i love her' Niwenye Tyala Balankula says Rupiah Banda". Zibani Zambia. 21 Ogasiti 2012. Archived from the original on 13 Sekutembala 2013. Retrieved 12 Sekutembala 2013.
Vigaŵa vya kuwaro
- Campaign Website
- "2007 biography of Rupiah Banda from 'Famous Zambians' Geocities website". Archived from the original on 27 Okutobala 2009. Retrieved 19 Ogasiti 2008.
- Long interview with Rupiah Banda