United National Independence Party
United National Independence Party (UNIP) ni chipani cha ndyali mu Zambia. Chikalongozga caru kufuma mu 1964 mpaka 1991 pasi pa muwuso wa Kenneth Kaunda, ndipo likaŵa phwando limoza pera mu caru pakati pa 1973 na 1990. Pa 4 April 2021, Bishop Trevor Mwamba wakasankhika kuŵa President wa UNIP.
Chipani cha United National Independence Party | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | UNIP |
| Leader | Trevor Mwamba |
| Founder | Mainza Chona |
| Founded | October 1959 |
| Preceded by | Zambian African National Congress |
| Headquarters | Lusaka |
| Ideology | African socialism African nationalism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| National Assembly | 0 / 157 |
| Pan African Parliament | 0 / 5 |
| Party flag | |
 | |
| Website | |
| unipzambia.org | |
Mbiri
UNIP yikayambika mu Okutobala 1959 na Mainza Chona nga ni chiharo cha Zambia African National Congress (ZANC), icho chikakanizgika kumanyuma kwa chaka chenechicho. Pakwamba UNIP yikalongozgekanga na Chona chifukwa mulongozgi wa ZANC, Kaunda, wakaŵa mu jere. Kaunda wakayamba kuwusa nga ni mulongozgi wa UNIP wati wafuma mu jele mu 1960.
Mu mavoti gha chalo, UNIP yikapokera vithuzithuzi 14, mu malo ghaciŵiri, malo ghakwamba ghakatora United Federal Party (UFP). Nangauli mulongozgi wa Northern Rhodesian African National Congress Harry Nkumbula wakachita phangano lakubisika na UFP, kweni pamanyuma wakasankha kupanga boma na UNIP. Pamanyuma pa kutonda mu mavoti gha Northern Rhodesia mu 1964, apo UNIP yikatora vithuzi 55 pa vithuzi 75, Kaunda wakazgoka Prime Minister wa Northern Rhodesia, ndipo wakapangiska kuti chalo chiŵe na wanangwa pa 24 October 1964, apo wakazgoka president.
Mu ma 1968 general elections, Kaunda wakasankhika kuŵa purezidenti na 82% ya mavoti, ndipo UNIP yikapoka vithuzi 81 pa vithuzi 105 ivyo vikaŵa mu National Assembly.
Mu 1973, caru cikazgoka boma la chipani cimoza na UNIP kuŵa chipani cimoza pera ca malango, ndipo pa Ogasiti 25, 1973, ŵakalemba dango liphya. Pa maungano gha boma agho ghakaŵako mu chaka ichi, ŵanthu ŵakayowoya kuti ni "ndondomeko yaumaliro ya demokilase". Komiti Yikuru ya UNIP ndiyo yikapanganga fundo za boma. Kuyana na dango la boma, pulezidenti wa UNIP wakasankhika pa ungano wa chipani, ndipo munthu waciŵiri mu wupu wa Zambia wakaŵa mulembi mukuru wa UNIP. Ndondomeko iyi yikayowoyaso kuti mulongozgi wa UNIP ndiyo yekha wakeneranga kuŵa mulongozgi wa charu. Awo ŵakavota ŵakasankhapo yumoza pa ŵaŵiri awo ŵakasankhika na UNIP pa malo 125, ndipo pa malo ghose agha pakaŵa ŵaŵiri. Kaunda wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti na 89% ya mavoti. Mu 1978, 1983 na 1988, Kaunda wakapokera mavoti ghakukwana 80 peresenti.
Paumaliro wa 1990, demokilase ya vyaru vinandi yikambaso, ndipo UNIP yikathereskeka mu 1991 na Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD); Kaunda wakathereskeka mu mavoti gha purezidenti na Frederick Chiluba, uyo wakapokera mavoti 24%.
Pamanyuma pa kusintha kwa dango ilo likakanizga Kaunda kwimilira pa udindo wa purezidenti, UNIP yikakana mavoti gha 1996, nangauli mamembala ghaŵiri ghakakanizgikana pa malo gha National Assembly. Chipani ichi chikaweleraso ku mavoti mu 2001 na mwana wa Kenneth Kaunda, Tilyenji, uyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa chalo. Mu mavoti gha National Assembly, chipani ichi chikapokera vithuzithuzi 13.[1]
Pambere mavoti gha 2006 ghandambe, chipani ichi chikapangana na United Democratic Alliance pamoza na vyaru viŵiri vikuruvikuru vya opposition. Mulongozgi wa United Party for National Development, Hakainde Hichilema, ndiyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa chipani ichi, ndipo wakakhala wachitatu. Gulu ili likapokera vithuzi 26 pera mu Nyumba ya Malango, kufuma pa vithuzi 74 ivyo vikaŵa mu 2001.
UNIP yikasuska yayi pa chisankho cha 2008, kweni yikimika Tilyenji Kaunda kuti waŵe mulongozgi wa chalo pa chisankho cha 2011. Kaunda wakapokera mavoti ghambura kukwana 1%, ndipo wakaŵa wa nambara sikisi pa ŵanthu 10. Chipani ichi chikasoŵa malo mu Nyumba ya Malango, ndipo chikapokera waka mavoti 0.7%. Kaunda wakaluta ku mavoti mu 2015 kweni wakapokera waka mavoti ghachepera pa 1%. Tilyenji Kaunda wakalutilira kuŵa mulongozgi wa chipani ichi pa mavoti gha 2016 kweni wakapokera waka mavoti 0.24%, ndipo chipani ichi chikasoŵa malo mu Nyumba ya Malango.
Mbiri ya visankho
Chisankho cha Pulezidenti
| Chisankho | Mlongozgi wa chipani | Mavoti | % | Vyakulondezga |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1968 | Kenneth Kaunda | 1,079,970 | 81.8% | Elected 
|
| 1973 | 581,245 | 88.8% | Elected
| |
| 1978 | 1,026,127 | 80.7% | Elected
| |
| 1983 | 1,453,029 | 95.4% | Elected
| |
| 1988 | 1,414,000 | 95.5% | Elected
| |
| 1991 | 311,022 | 24.24% | Lost 
| |
| 2001 | Tilyenji Kaunda | 175,898 | 10.12% | Lost
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| 2006 | Supported Hakainde Hichilema (UDA) | 693,772 | 25.32% | Lost
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| 2011 | Tilyenji Kaunda | 9,950 | 0.36% | Lost
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| 2015 | 9,737 | 0.58% | Lost
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| 2016 | 8,928 | 0.24% | Lost
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| 2021 | Trevor Mwamba | 3,036 | 0.06% | Lost
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Chisankho cha National Assembly
| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1962 | Kenneth Kaunda | Upper roll | 4,519 | 14.79% | 14 / 45
|
 14
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2nd| rowspan="2" style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |Opposition
| |
| Lower roll | 59,648 | 78.16% | ||||||
| 1964 | Main roll | 570,612 | 69.1% | 55 / 75
|
41
|
1st| rowspan="2" style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " class="table-yes2" |Supermajority government
| ||
| Reserved roll | 6,177 | 35.2% | ||||||
| 1968 | 657,764 | 73.2% | 81 / 110
|
26
|
 1st|style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " class="table-yes2" |Supermajority government
| |||
| 1973 | 527,252 | 100% | 125 / 136
|
44
|
1st|style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " class="table-yes2" |Sole legal party
| |||
| 1978 | 100% | 125 / 136
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1st|style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " class="table-yes2" |Sole legal party
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| 1983 | 100% | 125 / 136
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1st|style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " class="table-yes2" |Sole legal party
| ||||
| 1988 | 100% | 125 / 136
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|
1st|style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " class="table-yes2" |Sole legal party
| ||||
| 1991 | 314,711 | 24.99% | 25 / 159
|
 100
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2nd|style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |Opposition
| |||
| 1996 | Tilyenji Kaunda | 477 | 0.04% | 0 / 159
|
25
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9th|style="background:#FFC7C7; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no" | Extra-parliamentary
| ||
| 2001 | 185,535 | 10.59% | 13 / 159
|
13
|
4th|style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |Opposition
| |||
| 2006 | 610,608
as part of the UDA |
22.51% | 26 / 159
|
13
|
3rd|style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |Opposition
| |||
| 2011 | 18,446 | 0.68% | 0 / 159
|
26
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6th|style="background:#FFC7C7; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no" | Extra-parliamentary
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| 2016 | 7,253 | 0.20% | 0 / 156
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9th|style="background:#FFC7C7; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no" | Extra-parliamentary
| |||
| 2021 | Trevor Mwamba | 12,742 | 0.26% | 0 / 167
|
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7th|style="background:#FFC7C7; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no" | Extra-parliamentary
| ||
Ukaboni
- ↑ Elections in Zambia African Elections Database
Vigaŵa vya kuwalo
Media related to United National Independence Party at Wikimedia Commons