Nkhondo ya ku Uganda na Tanzania

Nkhondo ya ku Uganda na Tanzania
Nkhondo ya ku Uganda-Tanzania
Date 9 October 1978 – 3 June 1979 (7 months, 3 weeks and 4 days) Location Tanzania and Uganda Result Tanzanian victory Overthrow of Idi Amin Eventual outbreak of the Ugandan Bush War Territorial changes Status quo ante bellum
Belligerents
Uganda Libya Palestine Liberation Organisation Supported by: Pakistan Saudi Arabia	Tanzania Uganda National Liberation Front Kikosi Maalum Front for National Salvation Save Uganda Movement Others Mozambique Supported by: Zambia Angola Ethiopia Algeria
Commanders and leaders
Idi Amin Yusuf Gowon Isaac Maliyamungu Ali Fadhul Muammar Gaddafi Mutlaq Hamdan (WIA) Mahmoud Da'as	Julius Nyerere Abdallah Twalipo Tumainiel Kiwelu David Musuguri Silas Mayunga Tito Okello David Oyite-Ojok Yoweri Museveni
Strength
20,000 4,500 400+	150,000 2,000 800
Casualties and losses
~1,000 Ugandans killed 3,000 Ugandans captured 600+ Libyans killed 59 Libyans captured 12–200 Palestinians killed/missing	373 Tanzanians killed ~150 UNLA fighters killed
~1,500 Tanzanian and 500+ Ugandan civilians killed

Nkhondo ya Uganda-Tanzania, iyo yikumanyikwa mu Tanzania kuti Nkhondo ya Kagera (Chiswahili: Vita vya Kagera) na mu Uganda kuti Nkhondo ya Ufulu ya 1979, yikacitika pakati pa Uganda na Tanzania kwambira Okutobala 1978 mpaka Juni 1979 ndipo yikapangiska kuti pulezidenti wa Uganda Idi Amin wathereskeke. Nkhondo iyi yikamba apo ubwezi pakati pa Uganda na Tanzania ukakhira chifukwa chakuti Amin wakawuskapo pulezidenti Milton Obote mu 1971. Mu vyaka vyakulondezgapo, boma la Amin likakhwaskika na nkhaza, masuzgo gha vyachuma, na kukwiya kwa ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda.

Ŵanthu ŵakumanya makora yayi umo nkhondo iyi yikambira, ndipo pali nkhani zakupambana pa nkhani iyi. Mu Okutobala 1978, ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵakamba kuwukira caru ca Tanzania. Paumaliro wa mwezi wenewura, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakanjira mu caru cawo, ŵakapoka katundu na kukoma ŵanthu. Ŵapharazgi ŵa boma ŵa ku Uganda ŵakapharazga kuti Kagera Salient yatoreka. Pa Novembala 2, Nyerere wakapharazga nkhondo ku Uganda ndipo wakapangiska gulu la Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) kuti liwezgere malo agha. Nyerere wakawovwiraso ŵakugaluka ŵa ku Uganda awo ŵakaŵa ŵakugomezgeka kwa Obote na Yoweri Museveni kuti ŵambe kusuzga boma la Amin. Pamanyuma pakuti Amin wakatondeka kuleka ivyo wakakhumbanga kwa Kagera ndipo wupu wa African Unity (OAU) ukatondeka kususka nkhondo ya Uganda, TPDF yikapoka matawuni gha Masaka na Mbarara kumwera kwa Uganda.

Apo ŵasilikari ŵa TPDF ŵakanozgekeranga kuluta ku Kampala, msumba ukuru wa Uganda, Muammar Gaddafi, mulongozgi wa Libya na mubwezi wa Amin, wakatuma ŵasilikari ŵanandi ku Uganda kuti ŵawovwire ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda. Wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu ku Palestina nawo ukatuma ŵasilikari ŵanandi kuti ŵawovwire Amin. Mu Malichi, nkhondo yikuru comene yikacitika apo ŵakugaluka ŵa ku Tanzania na Uganda ŵakathereska ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda, Libya, na Palestina ku Lukaya. Kufwa kwa Lukaya kukapangiska kuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵambe kusweka. Nyerere wakagomezganga kuti ŵakugaluka ŵa ku Uganda ŵakwenera kupika nyengo kuti ŵanozge boma lawo na kunjira mu malo gha Amin. Iyo wakawovwira pa ungano wa ŵakugaluka na ŵakucimbira mu Moshi mu mwezi wenewura, uko gulu la Uganda National Liberation Front (UNLF) likakhazikiskika. Libiya likamalizga kunjilirapo pa nkhondo mu Epulero ndipo ŵasilikari ŵake ŵakafumamo mu caru ici. Pa 10 Epulero, ŵasilikari ŵa TPDF na UNLF ŵakawukira Kampala, ndipo ŵakamupoka zuŵa lakulondezgapo. Amin wakacimbilira ku caru cinyake apo boma la UNLF likakhazikiskikanga. Mu myezi yakulondezgapo, TPDF yikanjira mu Uganda, ndipo yikakumana na ŵanthu ŵanandi yayi. Wakaponoska mphaka ya Uganda na Sudan mu Juni, ndipo nkhondo yikamara.

Nkhondo iyi yikananga comene cuma ca ku Tanzania, ndipo Kagera wakasuzgika comene. Chikaŵaso na masuzgo ghakuru gha vyachuma mu Uganda, ndipo chikapangiska kuti ubendezi na nkhaza za ndyali vifike paheni apo boma la UNLF likayezgayezga kusungilira bata. Nkhondo ya ku Uganda yikamba mu 1980 chifukwa cha kupambana maghanoghano pa nkhani za ndyali kweniso chifukwa chakuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakalutilira kukhala mu vigaŵa vya mphaka.

Mbiri

Nkharo za Uganda na Tanzania zakunangika

Uganda (red) and Tanzania (blue) in Africa

Mu 1971, Colonel Idi Amin wakayamba kuwusa mu charu cha Uganda pamanyuma pakuti ŵasilikari ŵawuskapo pulezidenti Milton Obote. Pulezidenti wa ku Tanzania, Julius Nyerere, wakaŵa paubwezi wakukhora na Obote ndipo wakakhozganga fundo zake za cisosiyali. Amin wakajiŵika kuŵa Pulezidenti wa Uganda ndipo wakawusa caru mu muwuso wa nkhaza. Nyerere wakakana kuzomerezga boma liphya ndipo wakapeleka malo gha chivikiliro kwa Obote na awo ŵakamukhozganga. Apo Amin wakambiska nkhondo ya kuwuskamo ŵalwani ŵake mu Uganda, ŵanthu 30,000 m'paka 50,000 ŵakakomeka. Na kuzomerezgeka kwa Nyerere, ŵanthu aŵa ŵakakhazikiska gulu la ŵasilikari, ndipo ŵakayezga kuti ŵanjire mu Uganda na kuwuskamo Amin mu 1972. Amin wakamususka Nyerere cifukwa ca kovwira na kuvikilira ŵalwani ŵake, ndipo wakawezgera na kuwombera matawuni gha ku mphaka na Tanzania. Nangauli ŵalongozgi ŵake ŵakamuciska kuti wazgore mwakuyana waka, kweni Nyerere wakazomera kuti wapharazgire pamoza na pulezidenti wa Somalia, Siad Barre, ndipo ici cikapangiska kuti palembeke phangano la Mogadishu. Phangano ili likati ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda na Tanzania ŵafumemo mu charu ichi na kuluta ku malo agho ghali pa mtunda wa makilomita 10.

Nangauli vikaŵa nthena, kweni vinthu vikalutilira kwenda makora yayi pakati pa pulezidenti uyu na pulezidenti munyake. Pa nyengo yeneyira, ubwezi pakati pa Tanzania na Kenya ukakhora comene, ndipo mu 1977, wupu wa East African Community ukamara. Uganda nayo wakususka mphaka yake na Tanzania, wakati chigaŵa cha Kagera Salient (makilomita 1,900) pakati pa mphaka na Mlonga wa Kagera (makilomita 29) kumwera, chikwenera kuŵa pasi pa mazaza ghake. Pambere Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose yindambe, ŵamazaza ŵa Britain na Germany ndiwo ŵakadumbiskana za mphaka iyi.

Kuleka Kukhazikika mu Uganda

Wonani vinandi: Mbiri ya Uganda (1971-79) and Gulu la nkhondo la Uganda (1971-1980)

Pa nyengo yeneyiyo, Amin wakapharazga "Nkhondo ya vyachuma" mu Uganda umo vikwi na vikwi vya ŵanthu ŵa ku Asia ŵakachimbizgika mu charu mu 1972 ndipo malonda ghawo ghakaŵikika mu mawoko gha Ŵafrika. Ndondomeko iyi yikananga comene vinthu pa nkhani ya vya cuma, ndipo yikasazgikira cifukwa cakuti boma la United States likakanizga ŵanthu kumwa khofi wa ku Uganda. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo pera, Amin wakasazgirako nkhongono za ŵasilikari mu boma lake, wakaŵika ŵasilikari ŵanandi mu nduna zake na kovwira awo ŵakaŵa ŵakugomezgeka kwa iyo. Ŵanandi awo ŵakasanganga chandulo na ivyo wakachitanga ŵakaŵa Ŵasilamu ŵa kumpoto, comenecomene ŵa ku Nubian na Sudan. Amin wakathereska ŵanthu ŵa mafuko gha kumwera mu ŵasilikari na kukoma ŵalwani ŵake. Mu vyaka vyakulondezgapo, wakapona ku ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakakhumbanga kumukoma, ntheura wakaleka kugomezga ŵanthu ndipo kanandi waka wakawuskanga ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda.

Mu 1977, mu gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda mukaŵa kugaŵikana pakati pa ŵanthu awo ŵakakolerananga na Amin na ŵasilikari awo ŵakaŵa ŵakugomezgeka kwa Mubali Mustafa Adrisi, uyo wakaŵa na mazaza mu boma. Mu Epulero 1978, Adrisi wakapwetekeka comene pa ngozi ya galimoto. Apo ŵakamufumiskanga mu caru kuti wakacizgike, Amin wakamuwuskamo udindo wake. Kweniso wakapharazga kuti ŵapolisi ŵanandi ŵakakakika, ndipo mu mwezi wakulondezgapo wakalekeska mauteŵeti gha ŵalara ŵa boma na ŵasilikari. Kuzgoka uku kukasuzga nkhongono za Amin mu ŵasilikari izo zikaŵa zakukhora comene cifukwa ca suzgo la vya cuma. Pakopa kuti wangafwa ndipo wakaleka kugomezga kuti wangamazga suzgo ili, Amin wakafumapo pa wumba ndipo wakachezganga viŵi yayi na ŵasilikari ŵake. Pa nyengo yeneyira, wakamba kususka Tanzania kuti wakuswa mphaka ya Uganda.

Umo Nkhondo Yikendera

Nkhondo yikamba

Ugandan President Idi Amin (1977)

Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere (1976)

Nkhondo yikamba pakati pa Uganda na Tanzania mu Okutobala 1978, ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku Uganda ŵakamba kuwukira charu ichi. Ŵanthu ŵakumanya makora yayi umo nkhondo iyi yikambira, ndipo pali nkhani zinandi zakupambana pa nkhani iyi. Obote wakalemba kuti ivyo wakacita pakunjira mu Kagera "nkhumanya kuti wafumiskenge Amin ku masuzgo agho ghaŵapo cifukwa ca ivyo wakakhumbanga kucita na ŵasilikari ŵake". Ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa Uganda ŵakasuska Mulara wa ŵasilikari Juma Butabika kuti ndiyo wakambiska nkhondo iyi, kusazgapo Mulara Abdu Kisuule, uyo wakamususka Butabika kuti wakapangiska ngozi pa mphaka kuti waŵe na mwaŵi wa kuwukira Tanzania. Kuyana na mwana wa Amin, Jaffar Remo, mphekesera za kuthekera kwa nkhondo ya ku Tanzania zikapangiska kuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵapemphe kuti ŵambe kuwukira Tanzania. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakayowoya kuti Amin wakakhumbanga kutora chigaŵa chikuru cha kumpoto kwa Tanzania, kusazgapo msumba wa Tanga, kuti waŵe na mwaŵi wa kwenda pa nyanja. Mutolamakani wa ku Uganda Faustin Mugabe wakasanga ukaboni uliwose yayi wa fundo iyi mu mabuku gha ku Uganda.

Ŵalaraŵalara ŵanyake ŵa boma la Uganda ŵayowoya kuti nkhondo iyi yikacitika cifukwa ca nkhondo za pa mphaka. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivyo vingapangiska nkhondo iyi ni kwiba ng'ombe, kutinkhana pakati pa mafuko, mbembe pakati pa mwanakazi wa ku Uganda na mwanakazi wa ku Tanzania pa msika, kweniso mbembe pakati pa msilikari wa ku Uganda na msilikari wa ku Tanzania panji ŵanthu ŵanyake. Ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa ku Uganda awo ŵakakolerana na fundo yakuti ŵanthu ŵakakumananga ku malo ghakusanguluskira ŵakakolerana yayi na umo vinthu vikaŵira, kweni ŵakakolerana kuti ivyo vikachitika vikachitika pa Okutobala 9 mu malo gha ku Tanzania. Iwo ŵakakolerana kuti Butabika wakati waphalirika za suzgo ili, wakalangura gulu lake, lakuti Suicide Battalion, kuti liwukire Tanzania. Ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakati Amin wakaphalirika yayi ivyo ŵakadumura ndipo ŵakakolerana navyo kuti ŵaleke kumususka. Mulara munyake wa ku Uganda, Bernard Rwehururu, wakati Butabika wakateta kwa Amin pa vifukwa ivyo wakawukira Kagera. Kuyana na nyuzipepara za ku America Tony Avirgan na Martha Honey, chiphikiro ichi chikachitika pa 22 Okutobala, apo msilikari wa ku Uganda uyo wakaloŵera wakafwa na futi. Pa mise yeneyira, wayilesi ya Radio Uganda yikapharazga kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakakora msilikari wa ku Uganda, ndipo yikati Amin wakawofya kuti wachitengepo kanthu usange ŵandamuwezgere.

Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuti ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ndiwo ŵakanjilira mu charu ichi chifukwa cha kuskera ŵanthu awo ŵakagalukira boma la Tanzania. Pali mitundu yakupambanapambana ya nkhani iyi, iyo yikayowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵanyake. Wapolisi wa ku Uganda Paul Etiang na mulara wa Royal Dutch Shell ŵakayowoya kuti ŵasilikari ŵa Simba Battalion ŵakakoma ŵanthu ŵaphya ŵa ku Sudan ndipo apo ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakatumika kuti ŵaŵakanizge, ŵakachimbira pa mphaka pa Okutobala 30. Ŵanyake ŵakuti ŵanthu ŵa mu gulu la Chui panji la ŵanthu ŵakujiparanya ndiwo ŵakambiska vivulupi. Nkhwantha ya vya ndyali, Okon Eminue, yikati ŵanthu pafupifupi 200 awo ŵakagaluka ŵakachimbilira ku Kagera. Kuyana na nkhani iyi, Amin wakalangura gulu la Simba Battalion na la Suicide Battalion kuti ŵalondezge ŵanthu awo ŵakagaluka. Msilikari wa ku Uganda uyo Drum wakamufumba wakati ivyo vikacitika pakwamba vikaŵa nkhondo ya ŵanthu ŵatatu pakati pa ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda, ŵanthu awo ŵakafumako ku boma la Uganda, na ŵalinda ŵa ku Tanzania. Ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakapona ŵakasamira ku mizi ya ku Tanzania. Ŵasayansi Andrew Mambo na Julian Schofield ŵakasuska fundo iyi, ŵakati ŵasilikari awo ŵakatenge ŵakagaluka ŵakalutilira kugomezgeka kwa Amin mu nyengo yose ya nkhondo.

Gulu la Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) likapokera waka mauthenga ghachoko waka ghakukhwaskana na umo charu cha Uganda chingawukira charu ichi, ndipo ŵakanozgekera yayi, chifukwa ŵalongozgi ŵa Tanzania ŵakagomezganga kuti Amin wangaghanaghanapo yayi za kuwukira Tanzania apo charu chake chikakhwaskika na vinthu vya ndyali, vyachuma, na vya nkhondo. Nanga ni uko kukaŵa malo ghambura nkhondo agho ghakaŵa ku Mogadishu, kukaŵavya malo ghakuvikilira. Ku Tanzania kukaŵa mphindano na Zaire, Kenya, na Malawi, ndipo gulu la ŵasilikari la 202 ilo likaŵa ku Tabora ndilo likavikiliranga charu ichi. Pafupi na mphaka pakaŵa gulu la ŵasilikari lacitatu. Kukwambilira kwa Seputembala, ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakaphara za ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa ku Uganda awo ŵakendanga pafupi na mphaka - ŵanyake ŵakaŵa na ndege zakulongozga ŵasilikari - kweniso ndege zinandi zakwendeskeka. Pakati pa mwezi uwu, ndege za ku Uganda zikamba kwambukira ku Tanzania. Mulara wa ŵasilikari wa ku malo agha wakaphalira ŵalara ŵa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tabora kuti ŵamutumire vilwero vya nkhondo. Ŵakafika yayi, ndipo mu Okutobala, ŵasilikari ŵakamba kopa chomene.

Vinthu vyakwamba

Gulu la nkhondo la Uganda Air Force likaponya mabomba kanandi waka pa Bukoba (pa chithuzi mu 2017) apo nkhondo yikaŵa kwamba.

Pakati pa zuŵa pa 9 Okutobala, ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵakafika ku Tanzania apo gulu la ŵasilikari likaluta ku Kakunyu na kotcha nyumba ziŵiri. Gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania likaŵawukira, likaparanya galimoto yakuyegha ŵasilikari yakufuma ku Uganda na galimoto, na kukoma ŵasilikari ŵaŵiri. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakamuwukira, kweni ŵakamupweteka yayi. Namise, wayilesi ya Radio Uganda yikati nkhondo ya ku Tanzania yikanangika. Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, ndege za ku Uganda za MiG zikaponya mabomba mu makuni gha ku Tanzania. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakalutilira kuponya mabomba mu charu cha Tanzania, ntheura pa Okutobala 14, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakagwiliskira ntchito mabomba ghawo, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakaleka kuwombera. Mu mazuŵa ghacoko waka ghakulondezgapo, ŵasilikari ŵa ku vigaŵa vyose viŵiri ŵakamba kuwombera ŵanyawo, ndipo pamasinda ŵakafika pa mphaka yose. Ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakawonanga kuti Amin wakacitanga viheni pera.

Pa 18 Okutobala, ndege za ku Uganda za MiG zikaponya mabomba ku Bukoba, msumba ukuru wa West Lake Region. Nangauli ŵasilikari ŵa charu cha Tanzania ŵakaŵavya nkhongono pa kuwukira, kweni ŵasilikari ŵara ŵakaparanya vinthu vicoko waka. Ndipouli, kupulika kwa kupulika kwa mabomba agha kukaphyora mawindo ndipo ŵanthu ŵakacita wofi. Mwakupambana na umo Tanzania yikakhalira chete, Radio Uganda yikayowoya za "kuwukira" kwa Tanzania mu charu cha Uganda na nkhani za nkhondo zautesi, na kulongosora kuti ŵasilikari ŵa Tanzania ŵakaluta mu Uganda mtunda wa makilomita 15, ŵakakoma ŵanthu na kunanga katundu. Amin wakaphalira ŵanthu ŵa ku Mutukula kuti nangauli "ŵakaŵawukira", kweni wakaŵa na cigomezgo cakuti vinthu viŵenge makora na Tanzania. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo, mawayilesi gha Radio Uganda gha chiyowoyero cha Kinyankole, agho ŵanthu ŵa ku West Lake ŵakaghawoneleranga na kughapulikiska, ghakachenya chomene Nyerere na kuyowoya kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakukhumba kuŵa pasi pa boma la Uganda kuti ŵaleke kulamulirika na boma ili. Pa nyengo yeneyira, boma la Uganda likamba kusuzgika chomene. Ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa ku Masaka awo ŵakamanyikwa kuti mbambura kugomezgeka ŵakakomeka, ŵasilikari ŵa boma awo ŵakakwesananga nawo ŵakakumana mu Kampala, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵanyake ŵakakomeka apo ŵakayezganga kukora mulara wa vya ndalama.

Kuwukira Kagera

Kuwukira kwa Uganda

Nkhani ikulu: Kuwukira Kagera

Wonani vinandi: Air campaign of the Uganda–Tanzania War

Uganda wakaŵa kumpoto kwa Mlonga wa Kagera, chigaŵa icho sono chikuchemeka Missenyi (chiswesi)

Pa 25 Okutobala mulenjilenji, ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania awo ŵakaŵa na telesikopu ŵakawona kuti mu Mutukula muli magalimoto ghanandi. Pamanyuma, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakamba kuwombera ŵanthu apo ŵasilikari ŵa pa mtunda ŵakalutanga. Ŵasilikari wose ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakacimbira cifukwa ca kuwotcheka, kupaturako gulu limoza ilo likafumako mwaluŵiro. Ŵasilikari ŵakujumpha 2,000 ŵa ku Uganda awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Mulara Marajani, Mulara Butabika, na Mulara Kisuule ŵakawukira Kagera. Ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵakaŵa na matangi gha T-55 na M4A1 Sherman, pamoza na OT-64 SKOT armored personnel carriers (APC), kweniso magalimoto gha Alvis Saladin, ndipo ŵakaluta mu magulu ghaŵiri pasi pa Butabika na Kisuule. Nangauli ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakasangana na chiyezgo chichoko waka, kweni ŵakamba kwenda pachokopachoko chifukwa cha malo ghakupambanapambana.

Ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakamba kulaŵilira mawayilesi gha ku Uganda, ndipo ŵakamanya kupulika ivyo vikacitikanga pakati pa Marajani na Republic House, ofesi yikuru ya ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda mu Kampala. Marajani wakapharazga kuti ŵanthu ŵakamususka comene nangauli ŵasilikari wose ŵa TPDF ŵakafumako ku mphaka. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakaŵika vilwero vyawo pa mtunda wa makilomita 10 kufuma ku Ŵauganda ndipo ŵakaŵaponya mabomba ghanandi. Muhanya wose, ndege za ku Uganda za MiG zikambukira mu malo gha ku Tanzania, uko zikaŵa na vilwero vya nkhondo. Ŵakati ŵathereskeka, Ŵauganda ŵakanozgekera kuti ŵambeso kuwukira.

Pa Okutobala 30, ŵasilikari pafupifupi 3,000 ŵa ku Uganda ŵakanjira mu charu cha Tanzania kufuma ku Kukunga, Masanya, Mutukula, na Minziro. Ŵakaŵa na ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Uganda, awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Joseph Gowon. Nangauli ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakaŵasuskanga comene, kweni ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakalondezga mwamahara. Ŵakamba kuwukira ŵasilikari na ŵanthu bweka, pambere ŵandafike ku Mlonga wa Kagera na Kyaka Bridge namise. Nangauli malo agho ghakaŵa pakati pa mlonga na Bukoba ghakaŵa ghambura kuvikilirika chifukwa cha kufumako kwa TPDF, kweni ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵakalekeska ulendo wawo kumpoto kwa mlatho uwu. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda awo ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa cha Kagera ŵakamba kwiba vinthu vyawo. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 1,500 ŵakakomeka, ndipo ŵanyake 5,000 ŵakabisama mu thengere. Pa Novembala 1, Radio Uganda yikapharazga za "kufwatuka" kwa Kagera Salient ndipo yikati Mlonga wa Kagera ndiwo ukaŵa mphaka pakati pa Uganda na Tanzania. Amin wakenda mu cigaŵa ici na kutorako vithuzi na vilwero vya nkhondo vya ku Tanzania. Ŵalongozgi ŵa boma la Uganda ŵakawopanga kuti munjilira wa Kyaka ungagwiliskirika nchito pakuwukira ŵanyawo, ntheura pa Novembala 3, nkhwantha yinyake yikaponya mabomba pa munjilira uwu na kuwuparanya.

Ivyo Ŵanthu Ŵakuyowoya

Pambuyo pa malipoti oyambirira a chiwopsezo cha pa 30 Okutobala kufika ku Dar es Salaam, Nyerere adachita msonkhano ndi alangizi ake ndi atsogoleri a TPDF kunyumba yake ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Wakaŵa na cigomezgo yayi kuti ŵasilikari ŵake ŵangagwentha nkhondo ya ku Uganda, kweni Mulara wa TPDF Abdallah Twalipo wakaŵa na cigomezgo kuti ŵasilikari ŵangaŵachimbizga ku Tanzania. Nyerere wakamuphalira kuti "yambako" ndipo ungano ukamara. Pa 31 Okutobala Radio Tanzania yikati ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵanjira mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto kwa charu ichi ndipo TPDF yikunozgekera kuti yiwukire. Pa Novembala 2, Nyerere wakapharazga nkhondo ku Uganda, wakati pa wayilesi: "Tili na vifukwa, tili na vinthu vyakukhumbikwa, ndipo tili na khumbo la kulimbana nayo [Amin]".

Ŵalongozgi 6 ŵa mu Africa ŵakasuska kuti Kagera ni malo ghakofya gha Uganda: Mengistu Haile Mariam wa ku Ethiopia, Didier Ratsiraka wa ku Madagascar, Agostinho Neto wa ku Angola, Seretse Khama wa ku Botswana, Samora Machel wa ku Mozambique, na Kenneth Kaunda wa ku Zambia. Maboma gha Guinea, Mali, Senegal, na vyaru vinyake vinandi vya mu Africa ghakaŵasuska yayi, kweni ghakaŵachiska kuti ŵaleke kurwa nkhondo. Wupu wa African Union (OAU) ukaŵa wakujipatura pa nkhani iyi, apo ŵimiliri ŵa wupu uwu ŵakayezga kuŵa ŵimiliri pakati pa Uganda na Tanzania.

Tanzanian counter-attack

Charu cha Mozambique icho chikaŵa pasi pa Samora Machel (chithunzi mu 1985) chikaŵa chimoza mwa vyaru vichoko waka ivyo vikawovwira Tanzania pa nyengo ya nkhondo.

Nyerere wakalangura Tanzania kuti waŵikengepo nkhongono zake zose pa nkhondo. Pa nyengo iyi, TPDF yikaŵa na mabrigadi ghanayi. Pakati pa ŵasilikari aŵa, ni gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Southern Brigade pera ilo likaŵa kuti lacita makora comene nkhondo. Gulu ili likaŵa ku Songea, kutali na Kagera kuluska magulu ghanyake. Ŵakati ŵenda ulendo utali pa njanji na msewu, ŵakiza ku Bukoba-Kyaka ndipo ŵakazenga msasa. Ŵasilikari ŵanyake ŵakatumika kufuma ku Tabora. Mulara wa boma Edward Sokoine wakaphalira ŵalara ŵa boma la Tanzania kuti ŵatumizge ŵasilikari na ŵanthu wose ku nkhondo. Mu masabata ghacoko waka, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakasazgikira kufuma pa ŵasilikari ŵambura kukwana 40,000 kufika pa ŵasilikari ŵakujumpha 150,000, kusazgapo ŵasilikari pafupifupi 40,000 kweniso ŵapolisi, ŵakayidi, na ŵantchito ŵa boma. Ŵanandi mwa ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakaŵatumizga ku mphaka ya kumwera kwa Tanzania panji ku malo ghanyake gha mu charu ichi. Machel wakapeleka wovwiri kwa Nyerere wa gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa Mozambique. Gulu la ŵasilikari ŵakukwana 800 ŵakaŵatolera mwaluŵiro ku Tanzania na kuluta ku Kagera.

Mu myezi iyo yikajumphapo pambere nkhondo yindayambe, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakaŵa kuti ŵafwa chifukwa cha kutambuzgana, ndipo ŵakalemba ŵasilikari ŵaphya pafupifupi 10,000. Kuyana na msilikari munyake wa ku Uganda uyo wakafumbika na magazini ya Drum, ŵasilikari ŵaphya aŵa ŵakasambizgika makora yayi ndipo ŵakaŵa ŵakwenelera yayi kurwa nkhondo. Kweniso kuumaliro wa 1978, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakagalukira boma. Pafupifupi, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakaŵa 20,000 panji 21,000 mu 1978/79, ndipo ŵanthu ŵacoko waka pa 3,000 ndiwo ŵakateŵeteranga ku nkhondo.

Nangauli ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakamanyikwa kuti Tanzania yikunozgekera nkhondo, kweni ŵakakhozga yayi malo ghawo. Ŵalara ŵa ŵasilikari ŵanandi na ŵalaŵiliri ŵa ŵasilikari ŵakazerezga mauthenga gha ŵapolisi ndipo ŵakaŵikapo mtima kuti ŵapoke vinthu vya mu Kagera Salient. Pakwamba, boma la Tanzania likakhumbanga kuti nkhondo iyi yambike pa Novembala 6, kweni yikenera kuchedwa. Kuumaliro wa Novembala, ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakaŵa na ŵasilikari ŵanandi chomene ku sirya la kumwera kwa Mlonga wa Kagera. Mulara wa TPDF Major General Tumainie Kiwelu wakatora mazaza gha ŵasilikari, ndipo ŵa Tanzania ŵakamba kuwombera kumpoto kwa nyanja, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa Uganda ŵakachimbira. Pa Novembala 14, Amin, wakati wawona kuti vyaru vinyake vya mu Africa vikumovwira yayi ndipo wakawopa kuti Soviet Union yikukhumba kupeleka vilwero viphya ku Tanzania, wakapharazga kuti ŵasilikari wose ŵa Uganda ŵafumemo mu Kagera ndipo wakachema ŵanthu ŵa OAU kuti ŵaŵepo. Boma la Tanzania likasuska mazgu agha kuti "mbutesi", apo ŵalendo awo ŵakulaŵilira vinthu ku vyaru vinyake ŵakutondeka kufiska fundo yimoza pa nkhani ya kufumiska ŵasilikari. OAU yikati ivyo yikacita vikaŵa makora.

Pa Novembala 19, ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakazenga mlatho wakudumura Mlonga wa Kagera, ndipo mu mazuŵa ghakulondezgapo ŵakatuma ŵasilikari kuti ŵakendere mu mlonga uwu. Ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Uganda ŵakamba kusuzgika chomene, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵacoko waka ndiwo ŵakayezga kutimbanizga nkhondo. Pa Novembala 23, magulu ghatatu gha TPDF ghakaswa mlatho wa ponton ndipo ŵakamba kuwuskaso Kagera Salient. Boma la Uganda likapharazga kuumaliro wa Novembala kuti lifumiskenge ŵasilikari wose mu Kagera Salient ndipo nkhondo zose zaleka. Ŵadipuloma ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake 50 ŵakaluta ku mphaka, ndipo ŵakayowoya kuti pakaŵavya ukaboni wakuti nkhondo yikulutilira. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa boma la Tanzania ŵakasuska ivyo boma likayowoya, ŵakati ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵakwenera kufumiskika ku caru cawo. Pa 4 Disembala ma Brigade 206 na Southern gha TPDF ghakapoka Mutukula ku chigaŵa cha Tanzania kwambura suzgo, apo Brigade 207 yikatora Minziro. Kukwambilira kwa mwezi wa Janyuwale, ŵasilikari wose ŵa ku Uganda ŵakafumamo mu Kagera.

Border clashes and Battle of Mutukula

Nkhani ikulu: Nkhondo ya Mutukula

Wonani vinandi: Wovwiri wakuwalo wa Uganda mu Nkhondo ya Uganda-Tanzania

Gulu la Tanzania People's Defence Force likagwiliskiranga ntchito makina ghakuponya mabomba gha BM-21 Grad (chiyelezgero cha mu Russia icho chili pa cithuzithuzi) mu nyengo ya Nkhondo ya Uganda-Tanzania.

Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakakhuŵara comene apo ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakaŵafumiskanga mu Kagera na kuŵawukira mumphepete mwa mphaka. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakati ŵathereskeka, ŵakafipanga mtima kuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵayezgeso kupoka caru cawo. Ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakawona kuti usange ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakulongozga malo ghatali gha ku Mutukula, ku Uganda, ŵakwambiska suzgo. Nyerere wakazomera ndipo wakaphalira ŵasilikari ŵake kuti ŵapoke msumba uwu. Apo ŵakanozgekeranga mulimo uwu, TPDF ŵakatangwanika na kusambizga na kunozga ŵasilikari ŵawo. Ntheura, nkhondo izo zikacitika mu Disembala 1978 zikaŵa za "nkhondo ya mu miphaka" pera, ndipo nyengo zinyake ŵanthu ŵakakumananga na kuwukira ŵasilikari. Pa nyengo iyi, ŵasilikari ŵa Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) ŵakateŵeteranga lumoza na ŵanthu ŵa ku Uganda. Gulu la PLO likaŵa mubwezi wa boma la Amin kwa vyaka vinandi, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa Palestina pafupifupi 400 ŵakasambizgika mu Uganda. Ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakatumika ku mphaka kuti ŵakawovwire ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda, cifukwa PLO yikawonanga kuti nkhondo na Tanzania yikaŵa pangozi kwa iwo. Magazini ya Africa yikati "ŵanthu ŵakumanya vinandi" ŵakayowoya kuti "ŵantchito ŵa ku Pakistan na ŵasilikari ŵa nkhondo" ŵakakhozganga ŵasilikari ŵa Amin. Ŵasayansi ŵa ku Pakistan pafupifupi 200-350 ŵakaŵa mu Uganda kwamba mu 1978. African Review yikati Saudi Arabia yikapeleka "wovwiri wa nkhondo" ku boma la Amin mu 1978/79. Amin wakaluta ku Saudi Arabia kaŵiri kupempha wovwiri wa ndalama mu nyengo ya nkhondo ya Uganda-Tanzania.

Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa boma la Uganda ŵakaghanaghananga kuti ku Tanzania kulije nkhondo, nangauli ŵasilikari ŵa ku mphepete ŵakayowoyapo vyakupambana. Gulu la nkhondo la Uganda likazizwa apo TPDF yikamba kuwukira mu mphepete mwa mphaka mwakugwiliskira nchito vyakuponya mabomba vya BM-21 Grad pa Disembala 25. Ŵa Ugandan ŵakaŵavya vilwero ivyo vingaŵawovwira kuti ŵarwe nkhondo na ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Uganda ŵakaŵa na wofi comene cifukwa cakuti pakwamba ŵakatondeka kumanya ico cikaŵa munkhondo uwu. Gulu la TPDF likaponya mabomba pa mphaka kwa masabata ghanandi, na kusuzga ŵanthu ŵa ku Uganda. Ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵakayezga kuti ŵaparanyenge mabomba gha ku Tanzania kweni ŵakatondeka. Amin wakatuma ŵasilikari ku Spain kuti ŵakayezge kugura ndege na mabomba gha napalm kuti ŵagwenthe mabomba agha, kweni ŵakasanga yayi vilwero. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakanjira mu mizi yapafupi na Kikagati pa 20 January, 1979, ndipo Amin wakambiska nkhondo. Gulu la TPDF la South Brigade (lakucemeka kuti 208th Brigade) likambuka mphaka usiku wa 21 January na kuwukira Mutukula zuŵa lakulondezgapo. Gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda likathereskeka mwaluŵiro ndipo ŵakachimbira, ndipo Ŵatanzania ŵakathereska Mutukula na kutora vilwero vinandi ivyo ŵakasida. Ŵasilikari ŵa TPDF ŵakamba kuparanya tawuni yose na kukoma ŵanthu ŵanandi kuti ŵawezgere nduzga izo ŵakacita ku Kagera. Nyerere wakakwiya comene wati waphalirika, ndipo wakaphalira TPDF kuti waleke kupweteka ŵanthu na katundu wawo.

Boma la Uganda likapulikira yayi ivyo vikachitikira Mutukula. Ŵakatuma waka gulu la ŵasilikari kuti likakhozge nkhondo, uku ŵakuŵika mtima pa kukondwelera chaka cha 8 cha Amin kuŵa pulezidenti. Kacitiro aka kakapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu Uganda ŵaleke kugomezgeka. Gulu la TPDF likagwiliskira nchito nyengo iyo kukaŵavya nkhondo kuti liŵe ŵakunozgeka kwambaso nkhondo. Kuti ŵawovwirepo, caru ca Mozambique, Zambia, Angola, Ethiopia, na Algeria ŵakatumizga vilwero ku Tanzania. Kuyana na wasayansi munyake zina lake Gerald Chikozho Mazarire, Ethiopia wakatuma "ŵasilikari na mabomba gha ku Russia" ku Tanzania kuti ŵakakhozge nkhondo ya ku Uganda. Pakaŵaso ŵanthu awo ŵakatenge ŵasilikari ŵa ZANLA ŵakurwa pamoza na TPDF. Boma la Tanzania nalo likapempha China kuti liŵawovwire vya nkhondo. Ŵabali aŵa ŵakakhumbanga kuti ŵaleke kunjilirapo pa nkhondo iyi. Nangauli ŵa ku China ŵakaphalira ŵanthu kuti ŵadumbiskane, kweni ŵakatumizga vilwero vinandi ndipo ŵakawovwira kuti vinthu vinyake ivyo ŵakapempha vifike luŵiro. Ufumu wa United Kingdom nawo ukakhumba yayi kunjilirapo pa nkhondo iyi, kweni ukagwiranga lumoza nchito na ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania kuti uŵape mwaluŵiro vinthu vya nkhondo ivyo ŵakagura. Pa nyengo yeneyira, Soviet Union yikaleka kupeleka vilwero ku Uganda ndipo yikapharazga kuti yikukhumba kuwuskamo ŵalongozgi ŵake wose ŵa nkhondo.

Kuwungana kwa ŵakugaluka ŵa ku Uganda na awo ŵali ku wuzga

Mwaluŵiro pamanyuma pa kuwukira kwa Kagera, Nyerere wakalongora kuti pakuti Mgwirizano wa Mogadishu waleka kugwira ntchito, boma lake lipelekenge ndalama, kusambizga, na kuvikilira ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Uganda awo ŵakukhumba kurwa nkhondo kuti ŵawuskepo Amin. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakufuma mu vyaru vyakupambanapambana kweniso awo ŵakususka boma la Uganda ŵakazomera uthenga uwu. Gulu likuru la ŵakugaluka likapanga Kikosi Maalum, gulu lakugomezgeka kwa Obote ilo likalongozgekanga na Tito Okello na David Oyite Ojok; Front for National Salvation (FRONASA) ilo likalongozgekanga na Yoweri Museveni; na Save Uganda Movement (SUM) ilo likalongozgekanga na Akena p'Ojok, William Omaria, na Ateker Ejalu.Kweniso, magulu ghacoko waka nga ni Catholic Group na Uganda Nationalist Organization ghakati ghali na vilwero.

Magulu agha ghakaŵa ghaheni comene pakwamba kwa nkhondo, kweni pamanyuma ghakathandazgika mwaluŵiro. Nangauli ŵakamanyikwanga kuti mbalwani, kweni ŵakasuskananga pa nkhani za ndyali. Apo Kikosi Maalum na FRONASA ŵakapeleka ŵasilikari ŵa panthazi na ŵasilikari awo ŵakateŵeteranga nga ni wovwiri na ŵakwendakwenda ku TPDF, SUM yikapanga mabomba na kuwukira boma la Amin kufuma mukati. Gulu la Uganda Liberation Group (Z) ilo lili ku Zambia likachiska ŵanthu awo ŵali mu gulu ili kuti ŵapeleke ndalama zakovwira nkhondo ya ku Tanzania. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Uganda awo ŵakaŵa ku wuzga ŵakayezgayezga kuti ŵachiteko vinthu vinyake ku Kenya, kweni boma la Kenya likaŵatondeska. Mu Janyuwale, Obote wakaswa cete lake ndipo wakacema ŵanthu ŵa ku Uganda kuti ŵawukire boma. Mu nyengo yakwambilira ya nkhondo iyi, magulu ghanandi gha ŵakugaluka, kusazgapo Obote, FRONASA, na SUM, ghakakolerana pasi pa gulu la "National Revolt".

Tanzanian invasion of southern Uganda

Nkhani ikulu: Battle of Simba Hills, Battle of Gayaza Hills, and Battle of Masaka

Wonani vinandi: Air campaign of the Uganda–Tanzania War and Western Uganda campaign of 1979

Masaka

Mbarara

Mutukula

Lukoma

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Map of Uganda, showing locations of importance during the initial Tanzanian counter-invasion.

Pakwamba Nyerere wakakhumbanga waka kurwa nkhondo kuti wavikilire caru ca Tanzania. Pamanyuma pakuti Amin wakatondeka kulekeska ivyo wakakhumbanga ku Kagera ndipo OAU yikatondeka kususka nkhondo ya ku Uganda, iyo wakadumura kuti ŵasilikari ŵa Tanzania ŵanjire mu chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa Uganda, chomenechomene matawuni ghaŵiri ghakuru: Masaka na Mbarara. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakaghanaghana za kuŵakora kuti ŵaŵalyerepo mulandu cifukwa ca uheni uwo ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakacita mu caru cawo ndiposo kuti ŵambiske cigaluka. Obote wakasimikizgira Nyerere kuti usange matawuni agha ghazamuwukira boma la Amin, boma lizamuwuskikapo mu masabata ghachoko waka na kuzomerezga ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania kuti ŵafumemo mu nkhondo. Kweniso Obote wakaŵa na cigomezgo (ndipo Nyerere nayo wakaŵa na cigomezgo) kuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵazamubwanganduka usange Masaka wangakoleka. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakamba kunozgekera makora nkhondo ya kuzenga matawuni ghaŵiri agha. Muwuso wa ŵasilikari ŵa TPDF ukati wawona kuti ŵasilikari ŵa TPDF ŵafumako ku Uganda, ŵakakwiya chomene. Pakwamba ŵakagomezganga kuti ŵakugaluka ŵa ku Uganda ndiwo ŵadangilirenge nkhondo iyi, kweni ŵakaŵa waka 1,000, ntheura ŵa ku Tanzania ndiwo ŵakeneranga kulongozga nkhondo iyi. Pakati pa malo gha TPDF na Masaka pakaŵa malo ghanandi agho ghakaŵa na ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda agho ghakakhumbikwanga kufwatulika, kusazgapo malo ghakukwelera ndege ku Lukoma na mabatire ghakupambanapambana gha futi. Gulu la ŵasilikari la 201, 207, na 208 likapika languro lakuti lifumiskemo ŵasilikari.

Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakamba kuwukira mu Febuluwale. Ŵakafika pafupi, ŵakakoma ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa ku Uganda, ŵakaparanya katundu wawo, ndipo ŵakakora malo ghakukwelera ndege pa Febuluwale 13. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo, Amin wakati ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania na ŵasilikari awo ŵakugwira ntchito na malupanga ŵatorapo chigaŵa chikuru cha Uganda. Pakuŵa na mafumbo kufuma ku wupu wa vyaru vyakupambanapambana, Tanzania yikati ŵasilikari ŵake ŵakasunga waka malo agho ghali kufupi na mphaka ya Uganda. Ŵapolisi ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakawerezgapo mazgu gha Nyerere ghakuti "Tanzania yikukhumba yayi malo gha ku Uganda" kweni ŵakakana kufumba mafumbo ghakukhwaskana na umo ŵasilikari ŵawo ŵakwendeskera. Apo ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakalutanga ku Masaka ŵakalutanga panthazi mwaluŵiro, gulu la TPDF la 206th Brigade likakumana na ŵanthu ŵakususka apo likalutanga ku Mbarara. Gulu la ŵasilikari la Uganda likathereska gulu la ŵasilikari kufupi na Nyanja ya Nakivale, na kukoma ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania 24. Ici cikaŵa cimoza mwa vinthu vikuru comene ivyo vikathereskeka na TPDF mu nyengo ya nkhondo, ndipo pamanyuma pake yikakhira. Mu chigaŵa cha Masaka, TPDF yikathereska ŵasilikari ŵa Kalisizo, tawuni iyo yili pa mtunda wa makilomita 28 kumwera kwa Masaka. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Uganda awo ŵakawelera ku Masaka ŵakaŵa na wofi comene ndipo ŵasilikari awo ŵakakhalanga ku malo agha ŵakaŵavya cikanga. Apo ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakendanga kumwera kwa Uganda, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakaŵalumbanga.

Gulu la TPDF likazingilizga msumba wa Masaka kufuma ku vigaŵa vitatu, kweni likalangulika kuti lileke kunjiramo, pakuti ungano wa OAU ukacitikira ku Nairobi mu chiyezgo cakuti uŵe wakunjilirapo pa nkhondo. Mulara wa ŵasilikari wa ku Uganda, Isaac Maliyamungu wakawona mwaŵi wakuti waŵawukire, ntheura ŵasilikari ŵake ŵakamba kufumiska ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania pa Febuluwale 23. Gulu la TPDF likathereska luŵiro ŵasilikari aŵa, ndipo usiku wenewura likamba kuwombera msumba wa Masaka. Pamanyuma, ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵakachimbira, ndipo namulenji Ŵatanzania ŵakakora tawuni. Pakukhumba kuwezgera uheni uwo ukacitika mu Kagera, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakagwiliskira nchito mabomba kuti ŵabwangandure nyumba zinandi izo zikapona. Pa 25 February, TPDF na ŵakugaluka ŵa ku Uganda awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Museveni ŵakabomba Mbarara ndipo ŵakati ŵapoka msumba uwu, ŵakaparanya nyumba izo zikakhalako na dinamiti. Pakaŵavya kuwukira Amin. Pamanyuma pa kupoka matawuni ghaŵiri agha, TPDF yikaleka kuwungana. Silas Mayunga wakakwezgeka kuŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari ndipo wakapika mazaza gha "Task Force" iyo yikaŵa yiphya. Apo gulu la 20th Division likanyamuka kufuma kumwera kwa Uganda na kuwukira vigaŵa vikuruvikuru mu chalo ichi, gulu la Task Force likaluta kumpoto ku Western Uganda mu myezi yakulondezgapo, ndipo likakumana na ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda. Nyengo yeneyiyo, ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Uganda ŵakakomeka comene mu Febuluwale.

Libyan intervention and Battle of Lukaya

Nkhani ikulu: Battle of Lukaya

Wonani vinandi: Battle of Tororo and Battle of Sembabule

Wonaniso: Foreign support of Uganda in the Uganda–Tanzania War

Mulongozgi wa ku Libya Muammar Gaddafi (uyo wali pa cithuzithuzi) wakapeleka ŵasilikari na vinthu vinyake ku Uganda pa nyengo ya nkhondo.

Mulongozgi wa ku Libya Muammar Gaddafi, uyo wakaŵa mubwezi wa Amin, wakawona kuti caru ca Uganda - ico iyo wakaciwonanga kuti ni caru ca Cisilamu - cikaŵa pangozi cifukwa ca ŵasilikari ŵa Cikhristu, ndipo wakakhumbanga kuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵaleke kunjira. Wakayowoyaso kuti mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Amin, charu cha Uganda chikaŵa na mazaza ghakupambanapambana na vyaru vya Sudan na Egypt. Ivyo ŵanthu ŵa ku Libya ŵakacita mu Novembala 1978 na Febuluwale 1979 vikatondeka kumazga suzgo pakati pa Tanzania na Uganda. Kaddafi wakaphalirika kuti wakakhumbanga kunjilirapo pa nkhondo kwambura kudumbiskana na ŵamazaza ŵanyake ŵa ku Libya kweniso nangauli mulara wake wa ŵasilikari, Major Farak Suleiman, wakakana. Pakati pa mwezi wa Febuluwale, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Libya ŵakanjira mu Entebbe kuti ŵawovwire ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda, nangauli kukwambilira kwa mwezi wa Malichi boma la Libya likakana kuti ŵasilikari ŵake ŵatumizgikenge ku Uganda. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo, wupu wa PLO ukawona kuti boma la Amin lili pafupi kuparanyika cifukwa ca nkhondo ya ku Tanzania. Mulongozgi Yasser Arafat, na ŵawovwiri ŵakuru Khalil al-Wazir na Saad Sayel ŵakadumbiskana vyakusankha vyawo, ndipo ŵakadumura kutuma ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa PLO ku Uganda kuti ŵavikilire boma la Amin. Colonel Mutlaq Hamdan, wakucemeka "Abu Fawaz", na ŵalongozgi ŵanyake ŵakaŵatuma kuti ŵakawovwire ŵalara ŵa boma la Uganda pakunozga nkhondo. Pa March 18, Arafat wakasimikizgira kuti ku Uganda kukaŵa ŵasilikari ŵa Palestina awo ŵakalweranga Amin.

Pa nyengo yeneyiyo, gulu la 20 la TPDF likanozgekera kunjira kufuma ku Masaka kuya ku Kampala. Nthowa yimoza pera yakufumira ku Masaka kuya ku Kampala yikajumphanga mu msumba wa Lukaya, uwo uli pa mtunda wa makilomita 39 kumpoto kwa msumba uwu. Kufuma apo, nthowa yikalutilira pa msewu wa makilomita 25 uwo ukajumphanga mu mathipa m'paka ukafika ku Nabusanke. Malo agha ghakaŵa ghakusuzga kujumphapo, ndipo para misewu iyi yinganangika mphanyi ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakakhalira myezi yinandi. Nangauli ŵasilikari ŵa TPDF ŵakaŵa ŵakusuzgika, kweni Musuguri wakaŵaphalira kuti ŵavikilire malo agha. Gulu la 207 la TPDF likatumika kujumpha mu chipalamba kumafumiro gha dazi, gulu la 208 likatumika kumanjiliro gha dazi kuti likapenje chipalamba icho chikizenge na kumpoto kwa chipalamba, ndipo gulu la 201 ilo likakhozgeka na gulu la ŵakugaluka ŵa ku Uganda likaluta mu msewu na kunjira mu tawuni. Kweniso nga ni cigaŵa ca ndondomeko ya kupoka Kampala, TPDF's 205th Brigade yikeneranga kunjilira ku Mpigi kukwambilira kwa mwezi wa Malichi ndipo kufuma apo ku Mityana na kwamba kuwukira msumba ukuru kufuma kwenekura. Amin wakapharazga pa wayilesi kuti ŵasilikari ŵake ŵali pafupi kuzingilizga TPDF. Pakukhumba kumanya usange ivyo ŵakayowoya vikaŵa vyaunenesko, ŵalongozgi ŵa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakasanda ivyo ŵakaghanaghananga ndipo ŵakamanya kuti gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa Tiger ku Mubende ŵalije. Pakughanaghana kuti ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakalutanga kumwera, ŵakatuma gulu la ŵasilikari la nambara 205 kufuma ku Masaka kumpoto kuti liŵawukire. Gulu la ŵasilikari la 205 likakumana na ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ku Sembabule.

Pa nyengo yeneyira, Amin wakaphalirika kuti waleke kunanga msewu wa Lukaya, kweni iyo wakakana, wakati uwu ungapangiska kuti ŵasilikari ŵake ŵaleke kunjilirapo pa nkhondo. Wakagomezganga kuti para ŵanthu ŵa ku Libya ŵawovwirenge ŵasilikari ŵa TPDF ŵathereskekenge mwaluŵiro, ndipo ntheura kuparanya na kuzengaso msewu uwu kukaŵa kwakukhumbikwa yayi. Pa Malichi 24, ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵakathereska ŵakugaluka mu Nkhondo ya Tororo. Pakulondezga ivyo ŵalongozgi ŵake ŵakamuphalira, muwuso wa ku Tororo ukapangiska kuti pulezidenti waŵaphalire kuti ŵambeso nkhondo. Pa Malichi 9, ŵasilikari ŵakujumpha 1,000 ŵa ku Libya na ŵasilikari pafupifupi 40 ŵa PLO ŵa Fatah ŵakanjira mu Uganda. Gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Libya likaŵa na ŵasilikari ŵakwendakwenda, ŵasilikari ŵa People's Militia, na ŵasilikari ŵa Pan-African Legion. Ŵakaŵa na matangi 15 gha T-55, magalimoto ghakuyegha ŵasilikari ghakujumpha khumi na ghaŵiri, magalimoto ghanandi gha Land Rovers agho ghakaŵa na futi za 106 mm (4.2 inches) zambura kuzgoka, magalimoto ghanandi gha BM-21 Grad gha Katyusha, na magalimoto ghanyake ghakuru nga ni mabomba gha 122 mm (4.8 inches) na mabomba ghaŵiri gha D-30. Mu nyengo ya nkhondo, ŵasilikari 4,500 ŵa ku Libya ŵakatumika ku Uganda. Amin wakalangura kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Libya, pamoza na ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda na ŵasilikari ŵa PLO, ŵapoke Masaka.

Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Libya pambere nkhondo ya Lukaya yindambe na pamanyuma pake

Pa 10 March mulenji, gulu la TPDF la 201th Brigade likapoka Lukaya kulindilira kuti ŵajumphe msewu wakulondezgapo. Kuumaliro wa mise, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda, Libya, na Palestina ŵakamba kusendelera ku Lukaya. Ŵalibi ŵakati ŵawona ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania, ŵakaŵaponya mabomba gha Katyusha. Ŵasilikari ŵa mu gulu la ŵasilikari la 201, awo ŵakaŵa ŵambura kumanya vinandi, ŵakawopa chomene ndipo ŵanandi ŵakachimbira. Ŵanyake wose ŵakawelera ku malo ghakututuŵa agho ghakaŵa mumphepete mwa msewu wa Masaka ŵakati ŵawona kuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Libya ŵa T-55 na ŵa ku Uganda ŵa M4A1 Sherman ŵakwiza. Nangauli ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda, Libya, na Palestina ŵakaŵatuma kuti ŵatore msumba wa Masaka, kweni ŵakakhalira waka ku Lukaya.

Ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakaghanaghana vyakusintha ivyo ŵakakhumbanga kuti ŵaleke kuti nyifwa ya Lukaya yiŵe suzgo. Gulu la 208 ilo likaŵa pasi pa Brigadier Mwita Marwa, ilo likaŵa pa mtunda wa makilomita 60 kumpoto ca kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa tawuni iyi, likalangulika kuti liwelere nyuma na kupatura ŵanthu ŵa ku Uganda na ŵa ku Libya ku Kampala. Gulu la 208 likafika pa msewu wa Kampala mulenjilenji pa 11 March ndipo likamba kugalukira. Gulu la ŵasilikari la 201 likamba kuwukira kufuma kunthazi, ndipo la 208 likamba kuwukira kufuma kumasinda. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakaŵaponya pasi. Pamanyuma, Ŵalibiya ŵanandi ŵakamba kufumapo. Mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda, Lieutenant Colonel Godwin Sule, wakakomeka, panyake cifukwa ca kudumulika na galimoto yake. Nyifwa yake yikapangiska kuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵathere, ndipo ŵasilikari awo ŵakakhalapo ŵakaleka malo ghawo na kucimbira. Pamanyuma pa nkhondo iyi, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakasanga kuti pali ŵasilikari ŵakujumpha 400 awo ŵali kufwa mu cigaŵa ici, kusazgapo ŵanthu pafupifupi 200 ŵa ku Libya. Nkhondo ya Lukaya yikaŵa yikuru comene mu Nkhondo ya Uganda na Tanzania.

Nkhondo ya Lukaya yikati yamara, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵakamba kusweka. Mwaluŵiro, TPDF yikamba ntchito ya Dada Idi, ndipo mu mazuŵa ghakulondezgapo, ma Brigade gha 207 na 208 ghakawuskamo ŵanthu mu msewu wa Kampala na kutora Mpigi. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda na ku Libya ŵakafumako ku nkhondo na kuluta ku msumba ukuru. Amin wakawuskapo Gowon pa udindo wake wa kuŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari, ndipo wakati wawona kuti ŵasilikari ŵakamukwiyira, wakachimbilira ku Zaire. Wakasinthika na Ali Fadhul. Kuuyambiro wa mwezi wa Epulero, TPDF yikapoka msumba wa Sembabule. Ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa ku Uganda ŵakasoŵa vilwero, mafuta, na vyakurya. Ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa ku Uganda ŵakamba kwiba, kukoma na kuyuzga ŵanthu apo ŵakachimbiliranga ku Zaire na Sudan. Mwakuyana na ivyo Alicia C. Decker, nkharo ya ŵasilikari awo ŵakaleka kunjilirapo yikaŵa cifukwa ca kuleka kujikora pera yayi, kweniso cifukwa ca fundo za urongozgi: pakwambiska vivulupi na kutimbanizga ŵanthu kuti ŵacimbire, ŵakawovwirika kuti ŵajivikilire. Ŵasilikari awo ŵakakhalanga pa malo ghawo kanandi ŵakamba kuwezgera ŵanthu awo ŵakaghanaghananga kuti ŵakukolerana na ŵakugaluka. Pakumanya kuti nkhondo yili kumara, ŵasilikari ŵanyake ŵa ku Uganda ŵakanozga vyakuti ŵamuwuskemo Amin. Ŵanthu ŵakayowoyanga kuti ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakendanga pafupi na pulezidenti ŵakukolerana na ndondomeko iyi. Pa nyengo iyi, ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Uganda ŵakasuskanga boma la Amin ndipo ŵakakhumbanga kuti nkhondo yimare luŵiro. Ŵakamba kuchema ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania kuti bakombozi ("ŵakufwatura").

Moshi Conference

Despite his prominent role in the Ugandan rebel movement, Milton Obote (pictured) was convinced by President Nyerere to refrain from attending the Moshi Conference.

Pamanyuma pa kupoka Mpigi, Nyerere wakalangura TPDF kuti yimike ulendo wake. Nangauli wakawona kuti pamanyuma pakuti Libya wanjilirapo pa Lukaya nchambura machitiko kuti ŵakugaluka ŵa ku Uganda ŵatorenge Kampala ŵekha, kweni wakagomezga kuti nchakuzirwa comene kuti ŵaŵe na nyengo yakuŵikapo boma lawo kuti ŵatore malo gha Amin. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa boma la Tanzania ŵakamba kunozgekera boma liphya nga umo ŵakacitira ŵakugaluka ŵa ku Uganda, awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Obote na Dani Wadada Nabudere. Ŵapanduki na awo ŵakaŵa ku wuzga ŵakanozgekeranga ivi kwa myezi yinandi, ndipo ŵakamba kuyowoyeskana kufuma waka apo nkhondo yikambira. Apo kudumbiskana pakati pa magulu agha kukaŵa mukati, Museveni wakapeleka fundo yakuti FRONASA yake yikure cifukwa ca kuyezga kwambiska ŵasilikari ŵa ku Mbarara pamoza na Kikosi Maluum wa Obote kuti ŵapange gulu limoza la ŵasilikari. Obote wakakana fundo iyi ndipo wakayezga kukolerana na magulu ghanyake ghakwimikana nawo, kweni maghanoghano gha Museveni ghakakondweska ŵalongozgi ŵanyake awo ŵakaŵa ku wuzga. Apo ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakambanga kunozga ungano wa ŵakugaluka na awo ŵakaŵa ku wuzga, Nyerere wakambaso kughanaghanirapo pa udindo wa Obote mu gulu ili. Wakakhumba yayi kuti ŵanthu ŵawonenge nga kuti Tanzania yikukhumba kukhazikiska boma mu Uganda mwa kovwira Obote kuti walongozge gulu la ŵakugaluka. Nyerere wakawopaso kuti Obote wangatondeska ungano uwu kuti uleke kwenda makora. Wakamuphalira Obote kuti waleke kuluta ku ungano uwu, ndipo wakatuma ŵanthu kufuma ku Uganda People's Congress, chipani cha Obote. Mu malo gha Obote, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Uganda awo ŵakaŵa ku wuzga ŵakamba kutemwera Yusuf Lule, uyo wakaŵa mulara wa vya sayansi na ndyali wa ku Muganda.

Ungano uwu ukajulika pa Malichi 24 mu tawuni ya Moshi ku Tanzania, pamanyuma pa kudumbiskana comene za magulu na ŵanthu awo ŵangazomerezgeka. Muhanya wenewura ŵimiliri ŵakapharazga za kuwumbika kwa Uganda National Liberation Front (UNLF), iyo yikeneranga kulongozgeka na Komiti Yakudumbiskana ya ku Uganda (NCC) iyo yikaŵa na ŵanthu 30 na Komiti Yakurongozga ya ku Uganda iyo yikaŵa na ŵanthu 11. Mazuŵa ghaŵiri ghakulondezgapo ŵakadumbiskana umo ŵamazaza ŵa wupu uwu ŵakenderananga na kusankha mulongozgi wa wupu uwu. Ŵakati ŵadumbiskana, ŵakazomerezgana kuti Lule ndiyo waŵe mulongozgi ndipo Muwanga ndiyo waŵe mulara wa komiti ya vya nkhondo. Ungano uwu ukamara pa 26 Malichi 1979. Ŵasilikari ŵakugaluka awo ŵakaŵa ku Moshi ŵakakolerana na gulu la Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). Pakwamba, gulu la ŵakugaluka likaŵa na ŵasilikari pafupifupi 2,000.

Kuwa kwa Kampala na umaliro wa nkhondo

Nkhani ikulu: Nkhondo ya Entebbe and Kuwa kwa Kampala

Wonani vinandi: Nkhondo ya kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Uganda mu 1979, Nkhondo ya Jinja, Nkhondo ya Bombo, Nkhondo ya Lira, Nkhondo ya Karuma Falls, Nkhondo ya Bondo, and Nkhondo yamphepo ya ku Uganda-Tanzania

Ndege yaku Libya yakuzenga mabomba yakucemeka Tupolev Tu-22 mu 1977

Zuŵa lakulondezgapo pamanyuma pa ungano wa Moshi, kazembe wa Libya ku Tanzania wakapeleka kwa Nyerere kalata yakufuma kwa Gaddafi, iyo yikati boma la Libya lizamunjira mu nkhondo mu zina la Amin usange Tanzania yingaleka kufumiska ŵasilikari ŵake mu Uganda mu maora 24. Nyerere wakazizwa comene na mazgu agha, cifukwa wakamanyanga kuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Libya ŵakarwa nkhondo na Ŵauganda ku Lukaya. Wakayowoya pa wayilesi kuti nangauli chenjezgo la Gaddafi likasazgirako "vinthu vinyake" ku nkhondo, kweni likasintha yayi umo Tanzania yikuwonera Amin. Pakati pajumpha mazuŵa ghanayi, Gaddafi wakakhumbanga kuti Nyerere waŵe na wofi. Ndege iyi yikasanga yayi ico yikakhumbanga, kweni yikafika pa malo ghanyake. Ndege za ku Tanzania zikawukira malo ghakusungiramo mafuta ku Kampala, Jinja, na Tororo.

Kukwambilira kwa mwezi wa Epulero, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakamba kuŵikapo mtima kuti ŵathereske ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ku Kampala. Pa nyengo iyi, ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵakaŵa kuti ŵamara. Ŵadipuloma ŵakagomezganga kuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Nubia na Sudan ndiwo ŵakaŵa ŵakugomezgeka, apo boma la Amin likalutilira kulamulira chifukwa cha wovwiri wa ku Libya. Mulembi wa nyuzipepara ya New York Times, John Darnton, wakati ŵasilikari 2,500 pera ndiwo ŵakalutilira kugomezgeka. Pakwamba, ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakaghanaghananga kuti Amin waŵikenge ŵasilikari ŵake ŵanandi mu msumba ukuru. Kweni kufuma ku Mpigi ŵakawonanga chirwa cha Entebbe, uko kukaŵa ndege zinandi za ku Libya na ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa ku Uganda na Libya. Usange ŵasilikari ŵa TPDF ŵatoranga Kampala pambere ŵandapoke tawuni ya Entebbe, ŵasilikari ŵa TPDF mu Kampala ŵangawukirapo yayi. Kuwukira Entebbe kungatondeska ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda kuti ŵaleke kwambiska nkhondo na ŵanthu ŵa ku Libya. Mwantheura, Musuguri wakalangura gulu la ŵasilikari la 208 kuti lipokere cigaŵa ici. Ŵasilikari ŵa TPDF ŵakazenga vilwero na kuwukira tawuni iyi kwa mazuŵa ghatatu. Amin wakaŵa ku Entebbe State House pa nyengo iyi kweni wakacimbira na helikopta kuya ku Kampala. Ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa ku Uganda ŵakachimbira, kweni Ŵalibiya ŵakakhala.

[Ŵalibi] ŵakaŵa palipose, ndipo ŵakamanyanga yayi uko ŵakalutanga. Ŵakamanyanga yayi uko kukaŵa Kampala, ntheura ŵakachimbira. [...] Ndipo ŵakakomeka. Ŵanthu ŵakaŵasanganga ndipo ŵakachemerezganga kuti "ŵali kuno". Nyengo zinyake ŵakaŵasunganga mu nyumba na kuŵakoma.

—Jane Walusimbi, a Ugandan farmer, describing how civilians treated Libyan soldiers during the Battle of Entebbe

Pa 6 Epulero, ŵasilikari ŵakakhozga comene nkhondo iyi. Gulu la ŵasilikari la 208 likaluta ku Entebbe mulenji wakulondezgapo. Gulu limoza la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Libya likayezga kucimbira mu msewu wa ku Kampala, kweni likakomeka na kuparanyika. Namise ŵasilikari ŵa TPDF ŵakakora tawuni iyi na kutora vilwero vinandi vya ku Libya. Mulenji wakulondezgapo, ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa Uganda ŵakajipeleka ku TPDF. Nkhondo iyi yikapangiska kuti ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵaleke kwendera ndege. Ndege zake zinandi zikaparanyika panji kukoreka, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa nkhondo awo ŵakacimbilira ku viŵanja vya Jinja na Nakasongola ŵakawofya ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda. Ici cikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵaleke kusopa Yehova. Nyerere wakazomerezga ŵasilikari ŵa ku Libya, awo ŵakasuzgika comene pa nkhondo iyi, kuti ŵafumemo mu Kampala na kufumamo mu nkhondo kwambura soni. Wakatumizga uthenga kwa Gaddafi kulongosora ivyo wakacita, wakati ŵasilikari ŵa ku Libya ŵangasezgeka mu ndege kufuma mu Uganda kwambura kukanizgika kufuma ku Jinja. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Libya awo ŵakachimbiranga ŵakaŵasuzganga na ŵanthu ŵa ku Uganda awo ŵakaŵapuluskanga, kuŵapeleka ku TPDF panji kuŵakoma. Ŵanandi awo ŵakapona ŵakachimbilira ku Kenya na Ethiopia, uko ŵakawelera kukwawo. Kuwombokwa kwa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Libya mu Uganda kukaŵa suzgo likuru ku ndyali za ku vyaru vinyake za Gaddafi, ndipo vikapangiska kuti mu boma la Libya muŵe mphindano.

Gulu la TPDF likaluta ku Kampala pa 10 Epulero. Ŵasilikari ŵachoko waka ŵa ku Uganda panji ŵa ku Libya ndiwo ŵakakananga. Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, apo ŵasilikari ŵa Tanzania na UNLF ŵakasuzganga ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda awo ŵakaŵa mu Kampala, Oyite-Ojok wakaluta ku Radio Uganda kuti wakapharazge kuti msumba uwu wapokeka. Wakayowoya mu wayilesi kuti boma la Amin lili kukanizgika ndipo Kampala wali pasi pa mazaza gha UNLF, ndipo wakacema ŵanthu kuti ŵakhale bata ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵajipeleke. Ŵanthu ŵakafumanga mu nyumba zawo na kwamba kwiba vinthu. Pa 13 Epulero Lule wakatolekera ku msumba uwu na kuŵikika kuŵa purezidenti muphya wa Uganda. Boma liphya la UNLF likamanyikwa mwaluŵiro na vyaru vinyake nga ni boma lakuzomerezgeka mu Uganda. Ŵakaŵavya ŵapolisi panji ŵantchito ŵa boma, kweniso ŵakaŵavya vinthu vyakukhumbikwa pa maofesi. Boma likateŵeterapo yayi pa nkhondo iyo yikachitika na ŵasilikari ŵa Amin.

The Karuma Falls of the Nile River (pictured in 2006) were one of the last places where the Uganda Army offered resistance to the TPDF.

Amin wakacimbilira ku Libya ndipo pamanyuma ku Saudi Arabia. Nangauli Amin wakachimbira na kuwira kwa msumba ukuru, kweni ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵakalutilira kulimbana. Na wovwiri wa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Libya, ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakawelera kumpoto, ndipo ŵakamba kwiba vinthu. Ŵakaŵa pamoza na ŵasilikari ŵa PLO awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Mahmoud Da'as awo ŵakafika ku Sudan. Ŵakati ŵathereska msumba wa Kampala, nkhondo zikalutilira yayi. Pa 22 Epulero, TPDF yikapoka msumba wa Jinja na Damu la Owen Falls, ilo likapelekanga magesi ghose mu caru. Ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa Uganda ŵakagaluka panji kupasuka, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa Tanzania na UNLF ŵakamba kukhala mu vigaŵa vinandi vya kumafumiro gha dazi na kumpoto kwa Uganda kwambura ŵakususka. Gulu linyake la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda likalimbana na ŵasilikari aŵa, kweni nawo ŵakathereskeka. Ŵalwani ŵa Amin ŵakayezga kuti ŵaleke kunjilira kumpoto kwa Tanzania, kweni ŵakathereskeka pa Nkhondo ya Bombo, Lira, na Karuma Falls. Ku Mbale, ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵakukwana 250 ŵakafumako ndipo ŵakasankha kuvikilira tawuni iyi ku ŵasilikari ŵakugomezgeka awo ŵakaweranga na kulindilira kuti ŵa Tanzania ŵize. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakajikora na kuwukira ŵanthu ŵa ku Uganda awo ŵakakhalanga ku malo ghanyake, kweniso ŵanthu wose ŵa mafuko panji visopa awo ŵakakolerananga na boma la Amin. Ŵanthu ŵaheni ŵakaparanya mizi yose. Ŵalwani ŵa FRONASA na Kikosi Maalum ŵa ku Uganda ndiwo ŵakacitiska vigeŵenga viheni comene. Kanandi, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakazomerezganga panji kovwirapo pa kukoma ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda. Nangauli vili nthena, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuzomerezga kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakacita makora comene, comenecomene pakuyaniska na ŵakugaluka ŵa ku Uganda na ŵasilikari ŵa mafuko.

Nkhondo yaumaliro ya nkhondo iyi yikacitika pa 27 Meyi apo gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵakawukira ŵasilikari ŵa TPDF kufupi na Bondo pambere ŵandacimbire. Pakati pajumpha nyengo yicoko waka, ŵasilikari ŵakakora Arua kwambura kukumana na ŵanthu. Pakunjira mu chigaŵa cha West Nile, FRONASA yikamba "kukoma ŵanthu" ŵa ku malo agha, na wovwiri wa ŵanthu awo ŵakususkana na Amin. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku West Nile ŵakachimbira pamoza na ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda. Kufuma ku Arua, gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania likaluta ku mphaka ya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Uganda na Sudan na Zaire. Pa Juni 3, 1979, ŵakawoneseska kuti mphaka ya Sudan njakukhora. Pa nyengo iyi, ŵasilikari ŵa TPDF ŵakukwana 30,000-45,000 ŵakaŵa kuti ŵatumika ku Uganda.

Gulu la TPDF likathera ŵasilikari 373 mu nyengo ya nkhondo, ndipo 96 pera ndiwo ŵakafwa. Ŵasilikari ŵakuwukira ŵa ku Uganda ŵakukwana 150 ŵakafwa, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakafwa apo boti lawo likabwangasukira mu Nyanja ya Victoria. Ŵasilikari pafupifupi 1,000 ŵa gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵakakomeka ndipo 3,000 ŵakakoleka. Pa nkhondo iyi, ŵasilikari 600 ŵa ku Libya ŵakafwa, ndipo ŵasilikari pafupifupi 1,800 ŵakapwetekeka. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakatora ŵakayidi 59 ŵa ku Libya, ndipo ŵakaŵafumiska myezi yinandi pamanyuma pa nkhondo. Ŵalwani ŵanandi ŵa PLO ŵakakomeka mu nyengo ya nkhondo iyi, nangauli chiŵelengero cawo nchakususkana. Gulu la PLO likuzomera kuti ŵali kutaya ŵasilikari 12 mu Uganda, kusazgapo awo ŵali kufwa na awo ŵasoŵa. Mwakupambana na ivi, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakayowoya kuti ŵanthu 200 ŵa ku Palestina ŵakakomeka pa nkhondo iyi. Munthu munyake wa ku Pakistan nayo wakakoleka na TPDF pamoza na ŵasilikari ŵa ku Libya, ndipo ŵakamufumiska pamanyuma pa nkhondo. Ŵanthu 1,500 ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakakomeka na ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ku Kagera. Avirgan na Honey ŵakati ŵanthu pafupifupi 500 ŵa ku Uganda ŵakakomeka na ŵasilikari wose. Ŵanyake ŵakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakomeka ku Uganda. Kuyana na Madanjeet Singh, uyo ni muyimiliri wa boma la India, ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Uganda ŵakamba kukoma ŵanthu ŵa ku Uganda na ŵenecho caru. A.B.K. Kasozi wakati ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakomeka na ŵanthu ŵakugomezgeka kwa Amin mu Malichi na Epulero 1979, apo Ogenga Otunnu wakati ŵanthu awo ŵakususka Amin ŵakakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi mu chigaŵa cha West Nile mu nyengo ya nkhondo.

Vyakulembapo na vyakupharazga

Mu Okutobala 1978, apo nkhondo yikambanga, wayilesi ya Radio Tanzania yikapharazga yayi vya nkhondo iyi, apo wayilesi ya Uganda yikapharazga mwakubudika vya nkhondo iyo yikaŵa pafupi kuchitika ku Tanzania. Ŵakati ŵapharazga za nkhondo ya ku Kagera, Radio Tanzania yikamba upharazgi wakukhozga kuti ŵanthu ŵambe kukhozgera nkhondo iyi. Mwaluŵiro, wayilesi ya Tanzania na ya Uganda yikamba kulimbana pa nkhani ya mawayilesi. Mu myezi yakwambilira, ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakapokera vinandi yayi padera pa ivyo Nyerere wakayowoya. Mwaluŵiro boma la Tanzania likakhazikiska "Komiti Yakuphalira Ŵanthu vya Nkhondo". Wupu uwu ukadangiliranga na mulembi mu ofesi ya Unduna wa vya Malango, George Mhina, ndipo ukaŵa na ŵalembi ŵa manyuzipepara gha boma ghaŵiri gha ku Tanzania, mulara wa Radio Tanzania, mulembi wa vya mtende wa pulezidenti Sammy Mdee, na ŵimiliri ŵa TPDF na ŵasilikari. Mhina wakamba kubisa nkhani za nkhondo mwakuti nangauli ŵapharazgi ŵanandi ŵa ku Tanzania na ŵakujambura vithuzithuzi ŵakaluta ku nkhondo, kweni vikaŵanga vichoko waka ivyo ŵakalemba. Mdee na ŵalembi ŵa nyuzipepara ŵakaleka kuwungana na komiti iyi. Kanandi, nyuzipepara ya ku Tanzania yikazomerezgekanga kulemba ivyo yikukhumba mwakuyana na dango, kweni kanandi yikapharazganga mwakupambana na nyuzipepara za boma.

In war propaganda we were not good. It's important to inform the population or else they become terrorised. I realise now that the people must be told more. In this case our enemy had verbal diarrhea.

—Nyerere's reflection on the Tanzanian propaganda effort after the war

Pakuwona kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakukana kuŵapharazgira, ŵakamba kutegherezga mawayilesi gha ku vyaru vinyake nga ni BBC Radio, Voice of America, Voice of Kenya, Radio South Africa, na Radio Uganda. Ku Dar es Salaam, ŵanthu ŵakaluta ku hotelo ya Kilimanjaro kuti ŵakawone nkhani izo zikayowoyeka na Reuters. Paumaliro, Komiti Yakupharazga yikaphalira ŵanthu kuti ŵaleke kugwiliskira nchito ciŵiya ici. Pa nyengo yose iyo nkhondo yikaŵa mukati, wayilesi ya Radio Tanzania yikapharazganga nkhani zakukondweska, sumu, na mapowemu ghakukhwaskana na nkhondo iyi kweniso yikalumbanga TPDF. Ŵakapenja ŵapharazgi awo ŵakayowoyanga viyowoyero vya ku Uganda ndipo ŵakapharazgiranga ŵanthu ŵa ku Uganda. Munthu munyake wa ku Uganda zina lake Sam Odaka, wakendeskanga pulogiramu ya maminiti 45 zuŵa lililose pa wayilesi ya Radio Tanzania. Ungano uwu ukaŵawovwira kuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda ŵaleke kopa. SHIHATA wakatemwanga kuyowoya kuti Amin ni "munthu wakuwukira boma".

Ku Uganda kukaŵavya wanangwa wa vyakupharazga, ndipo manyuzipepara ghanandi ghakasanganga nkhani zawo ku wupu wa boma wa Uganda News Agency. Amin wakagwiliskiranga nchito vyakupharazga vya boma kuti wayowoye na ŵanthu ŵambura mulandu mu nyengo yose ya nkhondo na kuwukira Tanzania. Uthenga wa mu Uganda ukaŵa wautesi kweniso ukaŵa wambura unenesko. Likayezga kukhozga wunthu wa Idi Amin na kukhozga mtima wa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda mwa kuthandazga nkhani zautesi, nga ni izo zikayowoyanga kuti gulu linyake la ku Tanzania likakomeka na ng'ona panji kuti pulezidenti wangathereska ŵanthu 20,000 ŵa ku Tanzania na ŵasilikari 20 pera ŵa ku Uganda. Yumoza mwa nkhani zakumanyikwa chomene izo zikayowoyeka na ŵanthu awo ŵakakolerana na Amin, ni nkhani ya muwoli wa Pulezidenti, Sarah Kyolaba, apo wakadangiliranga gulu la ŵanakazi awo ŵakaŵa na vilwero kwimikana na TPDF. Kweni pakaŵavya ukaboni wakukhorweska wakuti kuli ŵangelo aŵa. Decker wakughanaghana kuti nkhani za "Suicide Sarah" zikwenera kuti zikovwira kuti "ŵalwani ŵaŵe ŵanakazi". Ivyo UNLF yikalemba vikaŵa vyambura kupulikikwa panji vikaŵa vyawaka. Nkhondo yikati yamara, boma la Tanzania likapempha muteŵeti wa wayilesi iyi kuti waŵawovwire umo ŵangagwiliskira ntchito wayilesi kuti ŵanthu ŵawovwirepo pa ntchito ya kuzenga.

Apo nkhondo yikambanga, boma la Tanzania likiza na ŵapharazgi ŵanayi ku Kagera kuti ŵalongore kuti charu cha Uganda ndicho chikapoka malo agha. Kufuma apo, ŵapharazgi ŵakazomerezgekanga yayi kuluta ku nkhondo, ntheura chikaŵa chakusuzga kuti waliyose wakhorweske ivyo munyake wayowoya. Ŵapharazgi kanandi ŵakayezganga kuti ŵamanye usange nkhani za ku Uganda ni zaunenesko. Ŵapharazgi ŵa Reuters, Tony Avirgan na Martha Honey, ndiwo ŵakazomerezgeka na Nyerere kuti ŵalute na TPDF apo ŵakanjira mu Uganda. Ŵapharazgi ŵanayi ŵa ku Europe awo ŵakayezga kunjira mu Uganda kufuma ku Kenya mukati mwa nkhondo ŵakakomeka na ŵasilikari ŵa ku Uganda. Ŵapharazgi ŵanandi ŵakalemba nkhani za nkhondo iyi kufuma ku Kenya, chomenechomene ku Nairobi. Kufuma kura, ŵakacemerezganga pa foni ku ŵimiliri ŵa vyaru vinyake mu Kampala, ndipo apo nkhondo yikalutiliranga, ŵakapokera mauthenga kufuma ku ŵanthu ŵa mu msumba uwu.

Ivyo Vikachitika

Kusanda

Ronald Aminzade, uyo wakumanya vya umoyo wa ŵanthu, wakati "cifukwa cikuru" ico ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakathereskera nkhondo iyi nchakuti ŵakaghanaghananga kuti nkhondo iyi njakofya ku caru. Aminzade wakayowoya kuti Uganda "yikatora nkhondo ya vigaŵa ivyo vikukolerana yayi na maghanoghano gha ŵanthu", ndipo yikagwiliskira ntchito ŵasilikari awo ŵakaŵa na mtima wa kughanaghana viheni kweniso ŵakasuskananga. Mlembi wa nyuzipepara Godwin Matatu wakati kutondeka kwa gulu la nkhondo la Uganda kuli cifukwa ca kuleka kugomezgeka kwa ŵasilikari na kugomezga magalimoto na misewu ivyo vikaŵapangiska kuti ŵathereskeke na ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania awo ŵakendanga pasi nyengo yinandi ya nkhondo. Mlembi wa nyuzipepala Anne Abaho wakati Uganda wakataya nkhondo iyi chifukwa cha vinthu vinayi: kusuzgika kwa mukati na kutondeka kwa ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda, kutuma kwa Tanzania mabomba gha BM-21 Grad na kutondeka kwa Uganda kughana nagho, kusoŵa kwa umanyi wa nkhondo, na kukolerana na Libya. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku Western ŵakayowoya kuti boma la Tanzania likathereska ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda. Ŵanyake ŵakaghanaghana kuti umo TPDF yikwendera vikulongora kuti maofesi gha ŵasilikari ŵa ku Africa ghasintha comene. William Thom, uyo wakumanya vya nkhondo, wakawonga kuti TPDF yikumanya kutuma ŵasilikari awo ŵali kutali. Kenneth M. Pollack wakati cifukwa ca kutondeka kwa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Libya nchakuti ŵakaŵa na mtima wambura kwenelera kweniso ŵakamanyanga vinandi yayi vya nkhondo. Benoni Turyahikayo-Rugyema wakalemba mu 1998 kuti: "Aŵenge kuti Amin wakanjira yayi mu Kagera Salient mu Tanzania mphanyi wachali kuwusa Uganda".

Ŵasayansi ŵanandi ŵakuwona usange ivyo boma la Tanzania likachita pakunjira mu charu cha Uganda na kufumiska Amin ku ufumu ni vyakuchitika vyachitemwa. Nangauli ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuzomerezga kuti ivyo Tanzania yikacita vikaŵa vyacitemwa, kweni ŵanyake ŵakususka fundo iyi, ŵakuti nangauli Tanzania yikacita nkhondo iyi cifukwa ca citemwa, kweni cifukwa cikuru ico yikacitira nthena cikaŵa cakuti yikapoka caru ca Uganda. Boma la Tanzania nalo likasuska Amin kuti wakuchitira nkhaza ŵanthu ŵakwake ndipo likati ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Uganda "ŵakakondwa" na ivyo boma la Tanzania likachita, kweni vikaŵa vyambura kuzomerezgeka. M'malo mwake, likati caru ici cikacita nthena kuti civikilire caru cake ndiposo kuti muwuso wa Amin ukaŵa "wowofya comene ku mtende na civikiliro ca ku East Africa". Emmanuel K., nkhwantha ya cisopa ca Cikhristu Twesigye wakawona nkhondo iyi kuŵa "ciyelezgero ciwemi ca fundo yakuti 'nkhondo njakunyoloka.' Daniel G. Acheson-Brown wakati, kuyana na fundo ya nkhondo yaurunji iyo yikayowoyeka mu buku la Michael Walzer lakuti Just and Unjust Wars, nkhondo ya Tanzania ku Uganda yikaŵa yiwemi cifukwa cakuti yikaŵa ya ŵanthu wose. Acheson-Brown wakayowoyaso kuti ŵasilikari ŵa Uganda ŵakacita "mauryarya ghanandi" pa nyengo ya nkhondo iyi ndipo Tanzania yikacita "vinthu vinyake ivyo vikususka nkhondo", comenecomene apo TPDF yikaparanya Mutukula. Walzer nayo wakawonanga kuti nkhondo iyi yikaŵa nthowa yiwemi yakunjilirapo. Noreen Burrows, nkhwantha ya vya malango, wakalemba kuti nangauli ivyo charu cha Tanzania chikacita pakurwa na Uganda vikapambana na malango gha caru cose, kweni vikaŵa vyakwenelera cifukwa ca fundo zaurunji na za ndyali. Nkhwantha yinyake ya vya malango, zina lake Sean D. Murphy wakalongosora kuti caru ca Tanzania cikapoka caru ca Uganda cifukwa ca "cifukwa ca kujivikilira na kuvikilira wanangwa wa ŵanthu". Pamanyuma, caru ca Belgium cikati cazomera kunjilirapo pa nkhondo ya ku Uganda na Tanzania, cikati cazomera kunjilirapo pa nkhondo ya ku Kosovo.

Nkhondo za ndyali pa caru cose

Mu nyengo ya ku Africa, ŵasilikari ŵa vyaru vinyake ŵakaŵavya mwaŵi wakuti ŵathereske mulongozgi wa boma. Pa ungano wa OAU mu Julayi 1979, Pulezidenti Gaafar Nimeiry wa ku Sudan wakati nkhondo ya Uganda na Tanzania yikaŵa "nthondwe yikuru" ndipo chikalata cha wupu uwu "chikukanizga kunjilirapo pa vya mukati na kunjira mu vyaru vinyake". Mulongozgi wa boma la Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo nayo wakafipanga mtima. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakususka fundo iyi ndipo ŵakuti vinthu ivi vikulongora kuti chikalata cha OAU chikwenera kusintha. Nyerere wakanena OAU kuti yikuvikilira ŵalongozgi ŵa Afirika ku ŵanthu ŵabendezi, ndipo wakati boma la Amin likakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi kuluska maboma gha ŵanthu ŵatuŵa ku southern Africa. Kweniso wakagaŵira "Blue Book" iyo yikalembeka na boma la Tanzania, ilo likati mulimo wa Tanzania mu nkhondo ukaŵa wakwenelera cifukwa ca kuwukira kwa Uganda ku Kagera Salient na kunjilirapo kwa Libya, ico cikakanizga ŵakugaluka ŵa Uganda kuwuskapo Amin. Pulezidenti Godfrey Binaisa, uyo wakanjira mu malo gha Lule, wakalumba ivyo Tanzania yikacita. Vyaru vinandi vya ku Western vikakana kuyowoyapo vya udindo wa Tanzania pakuwuskapo Amin, nangauli Secretary of Foreign wa Britain David Owen wakayowoya kuti wakakondwa na umaliro wa muwuso wa Amin. Kuyana na ŵasayansi Roy May na Oliver Furley, caru cose cikapokelera "mwakufwasa" kuwuskako muwuso wa boma ili, nga ni umo ŵakacitira na boma la UNLF.

Uganda

Nkhani ikulu: Ugandan Bush War

Wonani vinandi: Uganda since 1979

Nkhondo iyo yikacitika na Tanzania yikananga comene cuma ca Uganda, cifukwa cakuti vinthu vikamba kukwera comene ndipo ndalama zikakwera comene. Mu 1979, ŵasilikari ŵa charu cha Uganda ŵakanjira mu charu ichi ndipo nyengo ya kulima yikamara. Nangauli pakaŵa masuzgo agha, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakhalanga ku mizi, ndipo nkhondo yikaŵa pa malo ghanyake. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 100,000 ku Uganda ŵakaŵavya pakukhala cifukwa ca nkhondo iyi. Nkhondo iyi yikapangiska kuti paŵe vivulupi vinandi. Amin wakati walekeskeka, magulu ghakupambanapambana gha ndyali na mafuko ghakamba kuphalizgana na kulimbana kuti ŵaŵe na mazaza. Kweniso ukapangiska kuti ubendezi wambeso apo vigeŵenga ivyo vikamanyikwanga na zina lakuti "kondos" ndipo vikaŵa na vilwero ivyo vikaŵa vya TPDF, ŵakugaluka ŵa ku Uganda, na ŵasilikari ŵa Amin, ŵakagwiliskira ntchito uheni uwu kuti ŵapoke vinthu. Ŵanthu ŵakakomekanga cifukwa ca ndyali ndipo ŵanthu ŵakalutilira kutinkhana mu Kampala m'paka mu 1981, cifukwa cakuti pakaŵavya makhoti na ŵapolisi awo ŵakateŵeteranga makora. Mu vigaŵa vya ku mizi mukaŵavya vivulupi, cifukwa malango gha cikaya ghakaŵa na ndondomeko. Mwakusazgirapo, nkhondo iyi yikapangiska kuti vigeŵenga vyambuke mu caru cose, ndipo vikananga comene cilengiwa.

TPDF yikakhala mu Uganda kuti yisungilire mtende, ndipo pamasinda ŵasilikari ŵa Tanzania ŵakababa ŵana ŵanandi ŵa ku Uganda. Ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa TPDF ŵakatora ŵanakazi ŵa ku Uganda na kwiza nawo ku Tanzania. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa kumwera kwa Uganda ŵakagomezganga kuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakiza na HIV/AIDS mu cigaŵa ici na kuthandazga nthenda iyi mwa kugonana na ŵanthu bweka. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Uganda ŵakavuka na boma la Tanzania. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo, ŵasilikari ŵa Amin ŵa Uganda ŵakawungana ku Zaire na Sudan, ndipo ŵakanjira mu Uganda mu 1980 ndipo ŵakambiska nkhondo ya mukati mwa chalo iyo yikamanyikwa kuti Uganda Bush War. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa TPDF ŵakafwa pa nyengo ya nkhondo ya Uganda kuluska mu nyengo ya nkhondo ya Uganda-Tanzania. Ŵasilikari ŵaumaliro ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakafumako ku Uganda mu Okutobala 1981. Ŵalongozgi ŵa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakakhala mu caru mpaka mu 1984.

Nyengo yichoko waka kufuma apo gulu la UNLF likambira kuwusa, mu Uganda mukaŵa suzgo la ndyali. Lule wakasulako mapangano gha Moshi Conference agho ghakulongosora mazaza gha pulezidenti ghakulopwa ndipo wakayezga kulongora kuti wangachita vinthu mwakuyana na mazaza ghakuru agho ghakapelekeka na boma la Uganda pambere Amin wandapange boma. Wakagomezgaso yayi UNLA, iyo wakawonanga kuti yikupangika na ŵakugomezgeka ŵa Obote na Museveni. Pa nyengo yeneyira, Museveni na Oyite-Ojok wose ŵakayezga kuti ŵasazgireko ŵanthu awo ŵakakolerana nawo. Pakuti Lule wakakana kufumba NCC vya mauteŵeti, komiti yikakwiya comene, ndipo pa Juni 20, 1979, yikamuwuskapo. Mubali Godfrey Binaisa, uyo wakaŵa loya mukuru wa boma la Uganda mu nyengo ya Obote, wakasuskanga iyo na Amin. Kuwuskika kwa Lule kukapangiska kuti mu Kampala muŵe viwawa vikuruvikuru na kugazgana pakati pa awo ŵakalongoranga na ŵasilikari ŵa Tanzania awo ŵakayezga kukhozga bata. Nyerere wakapharazga kuti walutilirenge kovwira caru ca Uganda usange cikulutilira kuŵa na boma limoza ndiposo lambura vimbundi. Mu mwezi wakulondezgapo, ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa TPDF ŵakawerako ndipo vivulupi vya ndyali mu Kampala vikakura. Mu Novembala, Binaisa wakamba kopa kuti Muwanga, uyo wakaŵa nduna mu boma, wakunozgekera kuti wawezgereso Obote ku mazaza. Pakulondezga ulongozgi wa Obote, Muwanga wakapharazga kuti Obote walije khumbo la kuwuskapo umukuru wa chalo ndipo wazamukhozgera Binaisa pa chisankho chakulondezgapo. Nga ni umo Obote na Muwanga ŵakaghanaghaniranga, Binaisa wakawona kuti njakuvikilirika ndipo wakawuskapo Museveni, uyo wakaŵa mulwani wa Obote. Vinthu vikalutilira kuhenipa mu Uganda apo ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakarwa nkhondo na ŵanthu ŵambura mulandu, ndipo Binaisa wakajiŵika pa kugwiliskira nchito ofesi yake kuti wasange ndalama.Mu 1980, Binaisa wakayezga kumuchimbizga Oyite-Ojok pa udindo wake wakuŵa Chief of Staff wa UNLA. Ici cikakwiyiska ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa ku Uganda, ndipo Muwanga na Oyite-Ojok, na kuzomerezgeka na Museveni, ŵakamba kufumiska Binaisa. Pa Meyi 12, Komiti ya vya Nkhondo ya NCC yikapharazga kuti yikwamba kuwusa. Nyerere wakakana kunjilirapo, cifukwa wakawopanga kuti TPDF na UNLA viwukenge.

Mwaluŵiro Obote wakawelera ku Uganda ndipo wakamba kunozga UPC pakunozgekera mavoti agho ghakaŵako pa Disembala 10. Chifukwa cha vinthu vinyake ivyo vikachitika, UPC yikathereska pa viphikiro vya pa nyumba ya maparamende ndipo yikambiska boma. Mu Febuluwale 1981, Museveni, wakakanira mavoti, wakapangiska gulu la ŵanthu ŵakugaluka ndipo ŵakamba kuwukira ŵasilikari ŵa UNLA, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe nkhondo ya mukati. Pakati pajumpha nyengo yicoko waka, ŵakambiska gulu liphya la ŵakugaluka lakucemeka National Resistance Movement. Mu 1986, Museveni wakawuskapo boma la Uganda na kuŵa pulezidenti.

Tanzania

Wonaniso: Ujamaa and Chuma cha Tanzania

Nkhondo iyi yikamba pa nyengo iyo chuma cha Tanzania chikamba kuwelera nyuma ya chilangalanga mu 1974 na 1975. Maofesi ghose gha boma ghakakanizgika kugwira ntchito, kupaturako ya kuvikilira. Nyerere wakayowoya mu Janyuwale 1979 kuti mulimo wa TPDF wa kufumiska ŵanthu ŵa ku Uganda ukakhumbikwiranga kuti ndalama za charu ichi zileke kugwiliskirika ntchito pa mulimo wa vyakuzenga. Ŵasayansi ŵakuti nkhondo iyi yikananga vinthu vinandi chomene ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania. Ku Kagera, katundu wakukwana $108 miliyoni wakaparanyika. Pa nyengo ya nkhondo, vyaru vinyake vya mu wupu wa OAU vikapeleka yayi wovwiri ku Tanzania. Pa cifukwa ici, boma la Dar es Salaam likakhumbikwiranga kupeleka ndalama zakwendeskera nkhondo ya ku Uganda na ntchito yakulondezgapo ya kusungilira mtende kufuma ku ndalama zake, ndipo ici cikapangiska kuti caru ciŵe mu ukavu. Chifukwa cha suzgo la ndalama, vyakurya vikasoŵa ndipo ŵanthu ŵakasuzgikanga chomene. Ku Tanzania, nkhondo yikaŵa kuti yaluta panthazi chomene m'paka apo charu cha Uganda chikawezgera ngongoli yake mu 2007.

Apo ŵasilikari ŵa TPDF ŵakamba kuwelera ku Tanzania, ŵasilikari ŵacoko waka ndiwo ŵakawerako ku nkhondo. Ŵalongozgi ŵa ŵasilikari ŵakamba kunozga vinthu vinyake kuti ŵasazgireko ŵasilikari awo ŵakaŵa mu nyengo ya nkhondo. Ŵanyake mu gulu la ŵasilikari ŵakasuska cifukwa ca suzgo la vya ndalama mu Tanzania, ndipo cuma ca caru ici cikasuzgika comene mwakuti ŵasilikari ŵa TPDF ŵakeneranga kumazga ŵasilikari ŵanandi. Ndipouli, TPDF yikasungilira ŵasilikari ŵanandi mu gulu la ŵasilikari, ndipo yikaghanaghananga kuti ŵangaŵawovwira kuti ŵalangure ŵasilikari para ŵakukhumbikwira kuŵapempha kuti ŵambeso kuteŵetera. Nkhondo yikati yamara, TPDF yikalutilira kuŵa yikuru kuluska iyo yikaŵako pambere nkhondo yindambe.

Nangauli PLO yikakhwaskika na nkhondo ya ku Uganda, Nyerere wakakhumba yayi kuti wupu uwu uŵe na viheni, kweni wakawona kuti uli kutali na Amin cifukwa cakuti ukaŵa pa caru cose. Mu 1982, vinthu vikasintha pakati pa Tanzania na Libya. Boma la Tanzania likakhozga chomene ŵasilikari ŵa Kagera pamanyuma pa nkhondo iyi. Pa cifukwa ca kuvikilira ŵanthu, ŵanthu ŵa mu muzi ŵakakanizgikanga kutora malo agho ghakaŵa pa mtunda wa mamita 100 kufuma ku mphaka, nangauli nyengo yikati yajumphapo, ŵanthu ŵakasulako waka. Nkhondo yikati yamara waka, boma likajara misika ya ku vyaru vinyake. Kweniso ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kwiza na vigeŵenga. Mu ma 1990, ŵanthu ŵakambaso kwenda na Uganda. Pakuti mphaka ya ku Uganda na Tanzania yikafumiskika pa nkhondo iyi, mphindano pakati pa vyaru viŵiri ivi yikalutilira nangauli yikaŵa yacilendo. Maungano gha pakati pa Uganda na Tanzania ghakukhwaskana na kuŵaso na mphaka yakufikapo, ghakamba mu 1999 ndipo ghakamara mu 2001.

Kweniso, ku Tanzania kukaŵa vigeŵenga vinandi na vivulupi, comenecomene vigeŵenga ivyo vikatimbanga viŵeto. Ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵakagwiliskirika nchito mu caru ca Tanzania, cifukwa ŵawukirano ŵanandi ŵa mu mbumba zaukavu ŵakaŵa na mazaza, mwaŵi wa kupoka vinthu, ndiposo malipiro ghawemi. Para ŵanthu aŵa ŵafumiskika mu mawoko, kanandi ŵakaŵanga ŵambura nchito ndipo ŵakaweleranga ku ukavu cifukwa ca suzgo la vya cuma mu Tanzania. Kweniso, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakanjizga munjilira ukuru wa vilwero vya ku Uganda mu caru cawo. Ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵakazgoŵera nkhaza, ntheura ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito futi zawo kuti ŵasange usambazi. Ici cikapangiska kuti ucigeŵenga ukure comene, kweniso kuti paŵe mphindano pakati pa ŵanthu. Magulu ghanyake ghakaŵa na ŵasilikari ŵanandi chomene mu TPDF; comenecomene mu 1978, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakujumpha 50% ŵakaŵa ŵa fuko la Kuria, nangauli ŵakaŵa ŵacoko kuluska 1% ŵa ŵanthu wose ŵa mu caru ici. Kweniso mu vigaŵa vinyake, ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa ŵasilikari kale ŵakaŵa ŵakupambana. Vyose ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe kusintha kwa mazaza, kweniso kuti paŵe vivulupi pakati pa mafuko, mafuko, na mizi mu Tanzania. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Tanzania na ŵantchito ŵanyake ŵa vyaumoyo ŵakugomezga kuti nkhondo ndiyo yikapangiska kuti nthenda ya AIDS yikathandazgike mu charu chose.

Chiharo

Kukumbukira

Ŵasilikari 435 ŵa Tanzania awo ŵakafwa pa nyengo ya nkhondo ŵakasungika pa Kaboya Military Cemetery mu chigaŵa cha Muleba, Kagera Region. Pa dindi pakaŵa chikumbusko chituŵa icho pakalembeka mazina gha awo ŵakafwa. Nyerere, Vice President wa Tanzania Aboud Jumbe, Prime Minister Sokoine, Chief of Defence Forces Abdallah Twalipo, na Chama Cha Mapinduzi Executive Secretary Pius Msekwa ŵakaluta ku chikumbusko ichi pa 26 July 1979 kuti ŵakachindikenge ŵasilikari awo ŵakafwa. Ku Arusha, ŵakazengaso cikumbusko cinyake, ico cikulongora cikozgo ca msilikari uyo wakakondwa cifukwa ca kutonda. Nyerere wakaluta ku Tabora, Arusha, Mtwara, Bukoba, Mwanza, Tanga, Zanzibar, Iringa, Dodoma, Dar es Salaam, na Mara kuti wawonge ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania chifukwa cha kovwira nkhondo. Pa Seputembala 1, 1979, ŵakacita viphikiro vyakupambanapambana kuti ŵacindike ŵanthu awo ŵakawovwira pa nkhondo. Pa Julayi 25, 2014, charu cha Tanzania chikakumbukira chaka cha 36 cha nkhondo iyi ndipo chikachindika ŵasilikari na ŵanthu awo ŵakafwa pa nkhondo iyi.

Pamanyuma pa nkhondo na mpaka mu 1986, apo Museveni wakatora mazaza, pa 11 Epulero ŵakakondweleranga "Zuŵa la Kufwatuka" mu Uganda. Mu 2002, charu cha Uganda chikambaso kukondwelera kukomeka kwa Amin. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000 boma la Uganda likakhazikiska Kagera Medal kuti ŵapelekenge ku ŵakugaluka ŵa Uganda panji ŵalendo awo ŵakarwa nkhondo na boma la Amin pakati pa 1971 na 1979.

Kulemba mbiri

Ŵakulemba mdauko ŵakuŵikako mahara comene yayi ku nkhondo iyi ndipo pali mabuku ghacoko waka agho ghakuyowoya za nkhondo iyi. Mulembi wa nyuzipepara ya ku Tanzania, Baldwin Mzirai, wakalemba buku lakuti Kuzama kwa Idi Amin mu 1980, ilo likulongosora mwakudumura umo ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakagwilira ntchito pa nkhondo iyi. Mu 1983, Tony Avirgan na Martha Honey ŵakalemba buku lakuti War in Uganda: The Legacy of Idi Amin. Ŵakalondezga ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania na kunjira mu Uganda, ndipo ŵakawona nkhondo ya Entebbe na Kampala. Buku ili lili na vipaturo 11, ndipo likulongosora umo nkhondo iyi yikwendera. Henry R. Muhanika wakalemba buku la Utezi ilo likulongosora vya nkhondo iyi mu 1981, Utezi wa vita vya Kagera na anguko la Idi Amin Dada. Mu 1980, kampani ya boma ya Tanzania Film Company na Audio Visual Institute ŵakafumiska filimu ya vithuzithuzi yakuyowoya vya nkhondo iyi, yakucemeka Vita vya Kagera. Likati ŵasilikari ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakaŵa na "cikanga na kuŵikapo mtima". Nkhondo iyi yikumanyikwa mu Tanzania kuti Nkhondo ya Kagera ndipo mu Uganda yikuchemeka kuti Nkhondo ya Kufwatuka mu 1979.

Wonaniso

• List of wars involving Tanzania
• List of wars involving Uganda

Mazgo

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